Novel composition of matter for use in organic light-emitting diodes

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (1) as useful materials for OLEDs. A is CN, cyanoaryl, or heteroaryl having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom; and D 1 , D 2  and D 3  are diarylamino or carbazolyl.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/730,131, tiled Sep. 12, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/730,178, filed Sep. 12, 2018, which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference, in their entirety, into the present application.

BACKGROUND

An organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which a film of organic compounds is placed between two conductors, which film emits light in response to excitation, such as an electric current. OLEDs are useful in displays, such as television screens, computer monitors, mobile phones, and tablets. A problem inherent in OLED displays is the limited lifetime of the organic compounds. OLEDs which emit blue light, in particular, degrade at a significantly increased rate as compared to green or red OLEDs.

OLED materials rely on the radiative decay of molecular excited states (excitons) generated by recombination of electrons and holes in a host transport material. The nature of excitation results in interactions between electrons and holes that split the excited states into bright singlets (with a total spin of 0) and dark triplets (with a total spin of 1). Since the recombination of electrons and holes affords a statistical mixture of four spin states (one singlet and three triplet sublevels), conventional OLEDs have a maximum theoretical efficiency of 25%.

To date, OLED material design has focused on harvesting the remaining energy from the normally dark triplets. Recent work to create efficient phosphors, which emit light from the normally dark triplet state, have resulted in green and red OLEDs. Other colors, such as blue, however, require higher energy excited states which accelerate the degradation process of the OLED.

The fundamental limiting factor to the triplet-singlet transition rate is a value of the parameter where |H_(fi)/Δ|², where H_(fi) is the coupling energy due to hyperfine or spin-orbit interactions, and Δ is the energetic splitting between singlet and triplet states. Traditional. phosphorescent OLEDs rely on the mixing of singlet and triplet states due to spin-orbital (SO) interaction, increasing H_(fi), and affording a lowest emissive state shared between a heavy metal atom and an organic ligand. This results in energy harvesting from all higher singlet and triplet states, followed by phosphorescence (relatively short-lived emission from the excited triplet). The shortened triplet lifetime reduces triplet exciton annihilation by charges and other excitons. Recent work by others suggests that the limit to the performance of phosphorescent materials has been reached.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to novel materials for OLEDs. These OLEDs cart reach higher excitation states without rapid degradation. It has now been discovered that thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), which relies on minimization of A as opposed to maximization of Ht;, can transfer population between singlet levels and triplet sublevels in a relevant timescale, such as, for example, 1-100 μs. The compounds described herein are capable of luminescing at higher energy excitation states than compounds previously described.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides:

[1] A compound of Formula (I):

wherein: A is selected from CN, substituted or unsubstituted cyanoaryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom; and D¹, D² and D³ are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted 1-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-carbazolyl, and group represented by Formula (II):

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl; or two or more instances of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵ , R⁷ and R⁸ taken together can form a ring system, or R⁵ and R⁶ taken together can form single bond, and

L¹ is selected from single bond, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene.

[2] The compound of [1], wherein D¹, D² and D³ are the same.

[3] The compound of [1], wherein two of D¹, D² and D³ are the same.

[4] The compound of [1], wherein D¹ and D³ are the same.

[5] The compound of any one of [1 ]to [4], wherein at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one carbazole ring.

[6] The compound of [5], wherein the carbazole ring is substituted by at least one selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

[7] The compound of [5] or [6], wherein the carbazole ring is substituted at 3-position, 6-position, or 3- and 6-positions.

[8] The compound of any one of [1] to [7], wherein R¹ and R², R² and R³, R³ and R⁴, or R⁴ and R⁵ are taken together to form a ring system.

[9] The compound of any one of [1] to [8], wherein at least one of R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ is substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl.

[10] The compound of any one of [1] to [9] , wherein A is CN.

[11] The compound of any one of [1] to [9], n A is group represented by Formula (III):

one of X¹, X² and X³ is N,

the other two of X¹, X² and X³ are independently N or C(R¹³),

R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl, and

* represents a point of attachment to Formula (I),

[12] The compound of [1], wherein when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, then A is substituted or unsubstituted cyanoaryl, or group represented by Formula (II).

[13] The compound of [1], wherein when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, and A is cyano, then all of D¹, D² and D³ are not the same.

[14 ]The compound of [1], wherein when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, and A is cyano, then at least one of D¹, D² and D³ is 9-carbazolyl substituted with at least one selected from substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl.

[15] An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) comprising the compound of any one of [1] to [14].

[16] An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of [15], wherein light emission of the OLED occurs mainly in the compound.

[17] The organic light-emitting diode (LED) of [15] or [16], comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a host material and the compound.

[18] The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of [1.5], comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises the compound and a light-emitting material, and light emission of the OLED occurs mainly in the light-emitting material.

[19] The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of [15], comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a host material, an assistant dopant and a light-emitting material, and the assistant dopant is the compound.

[20] A screen or a display comprising the compound of any one of [1] to [14].

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 is a schematic wherein 1 denotes a substrate, 2 denotes an anode, 3 denotes a hole injection layer, 4 denotes a hole transporting layer, 5 denotes a light-emitting layer, 6 denotes an electron transporting layer, and 7 denotes a cathode.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The examples are provided by way of explanation of the disclosure, and not by way of limitation of the disclosure. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modification and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment, Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Other objects, features, and aspects of the present disclosure are disclosed in, or can be derived from, the following detailed description. It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present discussion is a description of exemplary embodiments only, and is not to be construed as limiting the broader aspects of the present disclosure.

Definitions

Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in this application shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Generally, nomenclature used in connection with, and techniques of, chemistry described herein, are those well-known and commonly used in the art.

The term “acyl” is art-recognized and refers to a group represented by the general formula hydrocarbylC(O)—, preferably alkyl(O)—.

The term “acylamino” is art-recognized and refers to an amino group substituted with an acyl group and may be represented, for example, by the formula hydrocarbylC(O)NH—.

The term “acyloxy” is art-recognized and refers to a group represented by the general formula hydrocarbylC(O)O—, preferably alkylC(O)O—.

The term “alkoxy” refers to an alkyl group, having an oxygen attached thereto. In some embodiments, an alkoxy has 1-20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, an alkoxy has 1-12 carbon atoms. Representative alkoxy groups include methoxy, trifluoromethoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, tort-butoxy and the like.

The term “alkoxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted with an alkoxy group and may be represented by the general formula alkyl-O-alkyl.

The term “alkenyl”, as used herein, refers to an aliphatic group comprising at least one double bond and is intended to include both “unsubstituted alkenyls” and “substituted alkenyls”, the latter of which refers to alkenyl moieties having substituents replacing a. hydrogen on one or more carbons of the alkenyl group. Typically, a straight chained or branched alkenyl group has from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to about 12 unless otherwise defined. Such substituents may occur on one or more carbons that are included or not included in one or more double bonds. Moreover, such substituents include all those contemplated for alkyl groups, as discussed below, except where stability is prohibitive. For example, substitution of alkenyl groups by one or more alkyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl groups is contemplated.

An “alkyl” group or “alkane” is a straight chained or branched non-aromatic hydrocarbon which is completely saturated. Typically, a straight chained or branched alkyl group has from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to about 12 unless otherwise defined. In some embodiments, the alkyl group has from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of straight chained and branched alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, pentyl and octyl.

Moreover, the term “alkyl” as used throughout the specification, examples, and claims is intended to include both “unsubstituted alkyls” and “substituted alkyls”, the latter of which refers to alkyl moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more substitutable carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone. Such substituents, if not otherwise specified, can include, for example, a halogen (e.g., fluoro), a hydroxyl, a carbonyl (such as a carboxyl, an alkoxycarbonyl, a formyl, or an acyl), a thiocarbonyl (such as a thioester, a thioacetate, or a thioformate), an alkoxy, a phosphoryl, a phosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, an amino, an amido, an amidine, an imine, a cyano, a nitro, an azido, a sulthydryl, an alkylthio, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a sulfamoyl, a sulfonamide, a sulfonyl, heterocyclyl, an aralkyl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety. In preferred embodiments, the substituents on substituted alkyls are selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, carbonyl, cyano, or hydroxyl. In more preferred embodiments, the substituents on substituted alkyls are selected from fluoro, carbonyl, cyano, or hydroxyl. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the moieties substituted on the hydrocarbon chain can themselves be substituted, if appropriate, For instance, the substituents of a substituted alkyl may include substituted and unsubstituted forms of amino, azido, imino, amide, phosphoryl (including phosphonate and phosphinate), sulfonyl (including sulfate, sulfonamide, sulfamoyl and sulfonate), and silyl groups, as well as ethers, alkylthios, carbonyls (including ketones, aldehydes, carboxylates, and esters), —CF₃, —CN and the like. Exemplary substituted alkyls are described below. Cycloalkyls can be farther substituted with alkyls, alkenyls, alkoxys, alkylthios, aminoalkyls, carbonyl-substituted alkyls, —CF₃, —CN, and the like.

The term “C_(x-y)” when used in conjunction with a chemical moiety, such as, acyl, acyloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy is meant to include groups that contain from x to y carbons in the chain. For example, the term “C_(x-y) alkyl” refers to substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon groups, including straight-chain alkyl and branched-chain alkyl groups that contain from x to y carbons in the chain, including haloalkyl groups. Preferred haloalkyl groups include trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and pentafluoroethyl. C₀ alkyl indicates a hydrogen where the group is in a terminal position, a bond if internal. The terms “C_(2-y) alkenyl” and “C_(2-y) alkynyl” refer to substituted or unsubstituted unsaturated aliphatic groups analogous in length and possible substitution to the alkyls described above, but that contain at least one double or triple bond respectively.

The term “alkylamino”, as used herein, refers to an amino group substituted with at least one alkyl group.

The term “alkylthio”, as used herein, refers to a thiol group substituted with an alkyl group and may be represented by the general formula alkylS—.

The term “arylthio”, as used herein, refers to a thiol group substituted with an alkyl group and may be represented by the general formula arylS—.

The term “alkynyl”, as used herein, refers to an aliphatic group comprising at least one triple bond and is intended to include both “unsubstituted alkynyls” and “substituted alkynyls”, the latter of which refers to alkynyl moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons of the alkynyl group. Typically, a straight chained or branched alkynyl group has from 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to about 10 unless otherwise defined. Such substituents may occur on one or more carbons that are included or not included in one or more triple bonds. Moreover, such substituents include all those contemplated for alkyl groups, as discussed above, except where stability is prohibitive. For example, substitution of alkynyl groups by one or more alkyl, carbocyclyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, or heteroaryl groups is contemplated.

The term “amide”, as used herein, refers to a group

wherein each R^(A) independently represents a hydrogen or hydrocarbyl group, or two R^(A) are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached complete a heterocycle having from 4 to 8 atoms in the ring structure.

The terms “amine” and “amino” are art-recognized and refer to both unsubstituted and substituted amines and salts thereof, e.g., a moiety that can be represented by

wherein each R^(A) independently represents a hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, or two R^(A) are taken together with the N atom to which they are attached complete a heterocycle having from 4 to 8 atoms in the ring structure.

The term “aminoalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with an amino group.

The term “aralkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with an aryl group.

The term “aryl” as used herein include substituted or unsubstituted single-ring aromatic groups in which each atom of the ring is carbon. Preferably the ring is a 6- or 20-membered ring, more preferably a 6-membered ring. Preferably aryl having 6-40 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6-25 carbon atoms.

The term “aryl” also includes polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings wherein at least One of the rings is aromatic, e.g., the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and/or heterocyclyls. Aryl groups include benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, phenol, aniline, and the like.

The term “carbamate” is art-recognized and refers to a group

wherein each R^(A) independently represent hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, such as an alkyl group, or both R^(A) taken together with the intervening atom(s) complete a heterocycle having from 4 to 8 atoms in the ring structure.

The terms “carbocycle”, and “carbocyclic”, as used herein, refers to a saturated or unsaturated ring in which each atom of the ring is carbon. Preferably, a carbocylic group has from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. The term carbocycle includes both aromatic carbocycles and non-aromatic carbocycles. Non-aromatic carbocycles include both cycloalkane rings, in which all carbon atoms are saturated, and cycloalkene rings, which contain at least one double bond. “Carbocycle” includes 5-7 membered inonocyclic and 8-12 membered bicyclic rings, Each ring of a bicyclic carbocycle may be selected from saturated, unsaturated and aromatic rings. Carbocycle includes bicyclic molecules in which one, two or three or more atoms are shared between the two rings. The term “fused carbocycle” refers to a bicyclic carbocycle in which each of the rings shares two adjacent atoms with the other ring. Each ring of a fused carbocycle may be selected from saturated, unsaturated and aromatic rings. In an exemplary embodiment, an aromatic ring, e.g., phenyl (Ph), may be fused to a saturated or unsaturated ring, e.g., cyclohexane, cyclopentane, or cyclohexane. Any combination of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic bicyclic rings, as valence permits, is included in the definition of carbocyclic. Exemplary “carbocycles” include cyclopentane, is cyclohexane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-3-erne, naphthalene and adamantane. Exemplary fused carbocycles include decalin, naphthalene, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene, bicyclo[4.2.0]octane, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indene and bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene, “Carbocycles” may be substituted at any one or more positions capable of bearing a hydrogen atom.

A “cycloalkyl” group is a cyclic hydrocarbon which is completely saturated. “Cycloalkyl” includes monocyclic and bicyclic rings. Preferably, a cycloalkyl group has from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Typically, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group has from 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, more typically 3 to 8 carbon atoms unless otherwise defined. The second ring of a bicyclic cycloalkyl may be selected from saturated, unsaturated and aromatic rings. Cycloalkyl includes bicyclic molecules in which one, two or three or more atoms are shared between the two rings. The term “fused cycloalkyl” refers to a bicyclic cycloalkyl in which each of the rings shares two adjacent atoms with the other ring. The second ring of a fused bicyclic cycloalkyl may be selected from saturated, unsaturated and aromatic rings. A “cycloalkenyl” group is a cyclic hydrocarbon comprising one or more double bonds.

The term “carbocyclylalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a carbocycle group.

The term “carbonate,” as used herein, refers to a group —OCO₂R^(A), wherein R^(A) represents a hydrocarbyl group. The term “carboxy,” as used herein, refers to a group represented by the formula —CO₂H.

The term “ester,” as used herein, refers to a group —C(O)OR^(A) wherein R^(A) represents a hydrocarbyl group.

The term “ether,” as used herein, refers to a hydrocarbyl group linked through an oxygen to another hydrocarbyl group. Accordingly, an ether substituent of a hydrocarbyl group may be hydrocarbyl—O—. Ethers may be either symmetrical or unsymmetrical. Examples of ethers include, but are not limited to, heterocycle-O-heterocycle and aryl-O-heterocycle. Ethers include “alkoxyalkyl” groups, which may be represented by the general formula alkyl-O-alkyl,

The terms “halo” and “halogen” as used herein means halogen and includes chloro, fluoro, bromo, and iodo.

The terms “hetaralkyl” and “heteroaralkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a hetaryl group.

The term “heteroalkyl,” as used herein, refers to a saturated or unsaturated chain of carbon atoms and at least one heteroatom, wherein no two heteroatoms are adjacent. The terms “heteroaryl” and “hetaryl” include substituted or unsubstituted aromatic single ring structures, preferably 5- to 20-membered rings, more preferably 5- to 6-membered rings, whose ring structures include at least one heteroatoms. Preferably one to four heteroatoms, more preferably one or two heteroatoms. Preferably a heteroaryl having 2-40 carbon atoms, more preferably having 2-25 carbon atoms. The terms “heteroaryl” and “hetaryl” also include polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings wherein at least one of the rings is heteroaromatic, e.g., the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and/or heterocyclyls. Heteroaryl groups include, for example, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, and carbazole, and the like.

The term “aryloxy” refers to an aryl group, having an oxygen attached thereto. Preferably aryloxy having 6-40 carbon atoms, more preferably having 6-25 carbon atoms.

The term “heteroaryloxy” refers to an aryl group, having an oxygen attached thereto. Preferably heteroaryloxy having 3-40 carbon atoms, more preferably having 3-25 carbon atoms.

The term “heteroatom” as used herein means an atom of any element other than carbon or hydrogen. Preferred heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.

The terms “heterocyclyl,” “heterocycle,” and “heterocyclic” refer to substituted or unsubstituted non-aromatic ring structures, preferably 3- to 20-membered rings, more preferably 3- to 7-membered rings, whose ring structures include at least one heteroatom, preferably one to four heteroatoms, more preferably one or two heteroatoms. The taints “heterocyclyl” and “heterocyclic” also include polycyclic ring systems having two or more cyclic rings in which two or more carbons are common to two adjoining rings wherein at least one of the rings is heterocyclic, e.g., the other cyclic rings can be cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and/or heterocyclyls. Heterocyclyl groups include, for example, piperidine, piperazine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, lactones, lactams, and the like.

The term “heterocyclylalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a heterocycle group.

The term “hydrocarbyl,” as used herein, refers to a group that is bonded through a carbon atom, wherein that carbon atom does not have a =O or =S substituent. Hydrocarbyls may optionally include heteroatoms, Hydrocarbyl groups include, but are not limited to, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, aralkyl, aryl, aralkyl, carbocyclyl, cycloalkyl, carbocyclylalkyl, heteroaralkyl, heteroaryl groups bonded through a carbon atom, heterocyclyl groups bonded through a carbon atom, heterocyclylakyl, or hydroxyalkyl. Thus, groups like methyl, ethoxyethyl, 2-pyridyl, and trifluoromethyl are hydrocarbyl groups, but substituents such as acetyl (which has a=O substituent on the linking carbon) and ethoxy (which is linked through oxygen, not carbon) are not.

The term “hydroxyalkyl,” as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with a hydroxy group.

The term “lower” when used in conjunction with a chemical moiety, such as, acyl, acyloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy is meant to include groups where there are six or fewer non-hydrogen atoms in the substituent. A “lower alkyl,” for example, refers to an alkyl group that contains six or fewer carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, acyl, acyloxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy substituents defined herein are respectively lower acyl, lower acyloxy, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, or lower alkoxy, whether they appear alone or in combination with other substituents, such as in the recitations hydroxyalkyl and aralkyl (in which case, for example, the atoms within the aryl group are riot counted when counting the carbon atoms in the alkyl substituent).

The terms “polycyclyl,” “polycycle”, and “polycyclic” refer to two or more rings (e.g., cycloalkyls, cycloalkenyls, cycloalkynyls, aryls, heteroaryls, and/or heterocyclyls) in which two or more atoms are common to two adjoining rings, e.g., the rings are “fused rings”. Each of the rings of the polycycle can be substituted or unsubstituted. In certain embodiments, each ring of the polycycle contains from 3 to 10 atoms in the ring, preferably from 5 to 7.

In the phrase “poly(meta-phenylene oxides),” the term “phenylene” refers inclusively to 6-membered aryl or 6-membered heteroaryl moieties. Exemplary poly(meta-phenylene oxides) are described in the first through twentieth aspects of the present disclosure.

The term “silyl” refers to a silicon moiety three hydrocarbyl moieties attached thereto.

The term “substituted” refers to moieties having substituents replacing a hydrogen on one or more carbons of the backbone. it will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Moieties that may be substituted can include any appropriate substituents described herein, for example, acyl, acylamino, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkyl, alkylamino, alkylthio, arylthio, alkynyl, amide, amino, aminoalkyl, aralkyl, carbamate, carbocyclyl, cycloalkyl, carbocyclylalkyl, carbonate, ester, ether, heteroaralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, hydrocarbyl, silyl, sulfone, or thioether. As used herein, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds. In a broad aspect, the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, aromatic and non-aromatic substituents of organic compounds. The permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds. For purposes of this invention, the heteroatoms such as nitrogen may have hydrogen substituents and/or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valences of the heteroatoms. Substituents can include any substituents described herein, for example, a halogen, a hydroxyl, a carbonyl (such as a carboxyl, an alkoxycarbonyl, a formyl, or an acyl), a thiocarbonyl (such as a thioester, a thioacetate, or a thioformate), an alkoxy, a phosphoryl, a phosphate, a phosphonate, a phosphinate, an amino, an amido, an amidine, an imine, a cyano, a nitro, an azido, a sulfhydryl, an alkylthio, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a sulfamoyl, a sulfonamido, a sulfonyl, a heterocyclyl, an aralkyl, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety. In preferred embodiments, the substituents on substituted alkyls are selected from C₁₋₆ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, halogen, carbonyl, cyano, or hydroxyl. In more preferred embodiments, the substituents on substituted alkyls are selected from fluoro, carbonyl, cyano, or hydroxyl. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. Unless specifically stated as “unsubstituted,” references to chemical moieties herein are understood to include substituted variants. For example, reference to an “aryl” group or moiety implicitly includes both substituted and unsubstituted variants.

The term “sulfonate” is art-recognized and refers to the group SO₃H, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The term “sulfone” is art-recognized and refers to the group —S(O)₂—R^(A), wherein R^(A) represents a hydrocarbyl.

The term “thioether,” as used herein, is equivalent to an ether, wherein the oxygen is replaced with a sulfur.

The term “symmetrical molecule,” as used herein, refers to molecules that are group symmetric or synthetic symmetric. The term “group symmetric,” as used herein, refers to molecules that have symmetry according to the group theory of molecular symmetry. The term “synthetic symmetric,” as used herein, refers to molecules that are selected such that no regioselective synthetic strategy is required.

The term “donor,” as used herein, refers to a molecular fragment that can be used in organic light emitting diodes and is likely to donate electrons from its highest occupied molecular orbital to an acceptor upon excitation. In preferred embodiments, donor contain substituted amino group. In an example embodiment, donors have an ionization potential greater than or equal to −6.5 eV.

The term “acceptor,” as used herein, refers to a molecular fragment that can be used in organic light emitting diodes and is likely to accept electrons into its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital from a donor that has been subject to excitation. in an example embodiment, acceptors have an electron affinity less than or equal to −0.5 eV.

The term “bridge,” as used herein, refers to a molecular fragment that can be included in a molecule which is covalently linked between acceptor and donor moieties. The bridge can, for example, be further conjugated to the acceptor moiety, the donor moiety, or both. Without being bound to any particular theory, it is believed that the bridge moiety can sterically restrict the acceptor and donor moieties into a specific configuration, thereby preventing the overlap between the conjugated π system of donor and acceptor moieties. Examples of suitable bridge moieties include phenyl, ethenyl, and ethynyl.

The term “multivalent,” as used herein, refers to a molecular fragment that is connected to at least two other molecular fragments. For example, a bridge moiety, is multivalent.

“

” or “*” as used herein, refers to a point of attachment between two atoms.

“Hole transport layer (HTL)” and like terms mean a layer made from a material which transports holes. High hole Mobility is recommended. The HTL is used to help block passage of electrons transported by the emitting layer. Low electron affinity is typically required to block electrons. The HTL should desirably have larger triplets to block exciton migrations from an adjacent emissive layer (EML). Examples of HTL compounds include, but are not limited to, di(p-tolyl)aminophenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC), N,N-diphenyl-N,N-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1-biphenyl-4,4-diamine (TPD), and N,N′-diphenyl-N,N-bis(1-naphthyl) (1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB, α-NPD).

“Emitting layer” and like terms mean a layer which emits light. In some embodiments, the emitting layer comprises a host material and guest material. The guest material can also be referred to as a dopant material, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. The host material could be bipolar or unipolar and may be used alone or by combination of two or more host materials. The opto-electrical properties of the host material may differ to which type of guest material (TADF, Phosphorescent or Fluorescent) is used. For Fluorescent guest materials, the host Materials should have good spectral overlap between absorption of the guest material and emission of the host material to induce good Forster transfer to guest materials, For Phosphorescent guest materials, the host materials should have high triplet energy to confine triplets of the guest material. For TADF guest materials, the host materials should have both spectral overlap and higher triplet energy.

“Dopant” and like terms, refer to additive materials for carrier transporting layers, emitting layers or other layers. In carrier transporting layers, dopant and like terms perform as an electron acceptor or a donator that increases the conductivity of an organic layer of an organic electronic device, when added to the organic layer as an additive. Organic semiconductors may likewise be influenced, with regard to their electrical conductivity, by doping:. Such organic semiconducting matrix materials may be made up either of compounds with electron-donor properties or of compounds with electron-acceptor properties. In emitting layers, dopant and like terms also mean the light emitting material which is dispersed in a matrix, for example, a host. When a triplet harvesting material is doped into an emitting layer or contained in an adjacent layer so as to improve exciton generation efficiency, it is named as assistant dopant. An assistant dopant may preferably shorten a lifetime of the exciton. The content of the assistant dopant in the light emitting layer or the adjacent layer is not particularly limited so long as the triplet harvesting material improves the exciton generation efficiency. The content of the assistant dopant in the light emitting layer is preferably higher than, more preferably at least twice than the light emitting material in the light emitting layer, the content of the host material is preferably 50% by weight or more, the content of the assistant dopant is preferably from 5% by weight to less than 50% by weight, and the content of the light emitting material is preferably more than 0% by weight to less than 30% by weight, more preferably from 0% by weight to less than 10% by weight. The content of the assistant dopant in the adjacent layer may be more than 50% by weight and may be 100% by weight. In the case where a device comprising a triplet harvesting material in a light emitting layer or an adjacent layer has a higher light emission efficiency than a device without the triplet harvesting material, such triplet harvesting material functions as an assistant dopant. A light emitting layer comprising a host material, an assistant dopant and a light emitting material satisfies the following (A) and preferably satisfies the following (B):

ES1(A)>ES1(B)>ES1(C)  (A)

ET1(A)>ET1(B)  (B)

wherein ES1(A) represents a lowest excited singlet energy level of the host material; ES1(B) represents a lowest excited singlet energy level of the assistant dopant; ES1(C) represents a lowest excited singlet energy level of the light emitting material; ET1(A) represents a lowest excited triplet energy level at 77 K of the host material; and ET1(B) represents a lowest excited triplet energy level at 77 K of the assistant dopant. The assistant dopant has an energy difference ΔE_(ST) between a lowest singlet excited state and a lowest triplet excited state at 77 K of preferably 0.3 eV or less, more preferably 0.2 eV or less, still more preferably 0.1 eV or less.

In the compounds of this invention any atom not specifically designated as a particular isotope is meant to represent any stable isotope of that atom. Unless otherwise stated, when a position is designated specifically as “H” or “hydrogen”, the position is understood to have hydrogen at its natural abundance isotopic composition. Also, unless otherwise stated, when a position is designated specifically as “d” or “deuterium”, the position is understood to have deuterium at an abundance that is at least 3340 times greater than the natural abundance of deuterium, which is 0.015% (i.e., at least 50.1% incorporation of deuterium).

The term “isotopic enrichment factor” as used herein means the ratio between the isotopic abundance and the natural abundance of a specified isotope.

In various embodiments, compounds of this invention have an isotopic enrichment factor for each designated deuterium atom of at least 3500 (52.5% deuterium incorporation at each designated deuterium atom), at least 4000 (60% deuterium incorporation), at least 4500 (67.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 5000 (75% deuterium), at least 5500 (82.5% deuterium incorporation), at least 6000 (90% deuterium incorporation), at least 6333.3 (95% deuterium incorporation), at least 6466.7 (97% deuterium incorporation), at least 6600 (99% deuterium incorporation), or at least 6633.3 (99.5% deuterium incorporation).

The term “isotopologue” refers to a species that differs from a specific compound of this invention only in the isotopic composition thereof.

The term “compound,” when referring to a compound of this invention, refers to a collection of molecules having an identical chemical structure, except that there may be isotopic variation among the constituent atoms of the molecules. Thus, it will be clear to those of skill in the art that a compound represented by a particular chemical structure containing indicated deuterium atoms, will also contain lesser amounts of isotopologues having hydrogen atoms at one or more of the designated deuterium positions in that structure. The relative amount of such isotopologues in a compound of this invention will depend upon a number of factors including the isotopic purity of deuterated reagents used to make the compound and the efficiency of incorporation of deuterium in the various synthesis steps used to prepare the compound. However, as set forth above the relative amount of such isotopologues in lobo will be less than 49.9% of the compound. In other embodiments, the relative amount of such isotopologues in toto will be less than 47.5%, less than 40%, less than 32.5%, less than 25%, less than 17.5%, less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 3%, less than 1%, or less than 0.5% of the compound.

“Substituted with deuterium” refers to the replacement of one or more hydrogen. atoms with a corresponding number of deuterium atoms. “D” and “d” both refer to deuterium.

Principles of OLED

OLEDs are typically composed of a layer of organic materials or compounds between two electrodes, an anode and a cathode. The organic molecules are electrically conductive as a result of &localization of n electronics caused by conjugation over part or all of the molecule. When voltage is applied, electrons from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) present at the anode flow into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the organic molecules present at the cathode. Removal of electrons from the HOMO is also referred to as inserting electron holes into the HOMO. Electrostatic forces bring the electrons and the holes towards each other until they recombine and form an exciton (which is the bound state of the electron and the hole). As the excited state decays and the energy levels of the electrons relax, radiation having a frequency in the visible spectrum is emitted. The frequency of this radiation depends on the hand gap of the material, which is the difference in energy between the HOMO and the LUMO.

As electrons and holes are fermions with half integer spin, an exciton may either be in a singlet state or a triplet state depending on how the spins of the electron and hole have been combined. Statistically, three triplet excitons will be formed for each singlet exciton. Decay from triplet states is spin forbidden, which results in increases in the timescale of the transition and limits the internal efficiency of fluorescent devices. Phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes make use of spin-orbit interactions to facilitate intersystem crossing between singlet and triplet states, thus obtaining emission from both singlet and triplet states and improving the internal efficiency.

One prototypical phosphorescent material is iridium tris(2-phenylpyridine) (Ir(ppy)₃) in which the excited state is a charge transfer from the Ir atom to the organic ligand. Such approaches have reduced the triplet lifetime to about several μs, several orders of magnitude slower than the radiative lifetimes of fully-allowed transitions such as fluorescence. Ir-based phosphors have proven to be acceptable for many display applications, but losses due to large triplet densities still prevent the application of OLEDs to solid-state lighting at higher brightness.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) seeks to minimize energetic splitting between singlet and triplet states (Δ, ΔE_(ST)). The reduction in exchange splitting from typical values of 0.4-0.7 eV to a gap of the order of the thermal energy (proportional to kBT, where kB represents the Boltzmann constant, and T represents temperature) means that thermal agitation can transfer population between singlet levels and triplet levels in a relevant timescale even if the coupling between states is small.

TADF molecules consist of donor and acceptor moieties connected directly by a covalent bond or via a conjugated linker (or “bridge”). A “donor” moiety is likely to transfer electrons from its HOMO upon excitation to the “acceptor” moiety. An “acceptor” moiety is likely to accept the electrons from the “donor” moiety into its LUMO. The donor-acceptor nature of TADF molecules results in low-lying excited states with charge-transfer character that exhibit very low ΔE_(ST). Since thermal molecular motions can randomly vary the optical properties of donor-acceptor systems, a rigid three-dimensional arrangement of donor and acceptor moieties can be used to limit the non-radiative decay of the charge-transfer state by internal conversion during the lifetime of the excitation.

It is beneficial, therefore, to decrease ΔE_(ST), and to create a system with increased reversed intersystem crossing (RISC) capable of exploiting triplet excitons. Such a system, it is believed, will result in increased quantum efficiency and decreased emission lifetimes. Systems with these features will be capable of emitting light without being subject to the rapid degradation prevalent in OLEDs known today.

Compounds of the Disclosure

In some embodiments, the compounds have a structure of Formula (I):

A is selected born CN, substituted or unsubstituted cyanoaryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom.

D¹, D² and D³ are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted 1-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-carbazolyl, and group represented by Formula (II):

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl; or two or more instances of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ taken together can form a ring system, or R⁵ and R⁶ taken together can form single bond. L¹ is selected from single bond, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene.

In some embodiments, alkyl is C1-C20-alkyl. In some embodiments, alkyl is C1-C12 alkyl. In some embodiments, alkyl is C1-C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, alkyl is C1-C3 alkyl. In some embodiments, aryl is C6-C40 aryl. In some, embodiments, aryl is C6-C25 aryl. In some embodiments, aryl is C6-C14 aryl. In some embodiments, aryl is C6-C10 aryl. In some embodiments, heteroaryl is C2-C40 heteroaryl. In some embodiments, heteroaryl has 5-40 ring-constituting atoms. In some embodiments, heteroaryl has 5-25 ring-constituting atoms. In some embodiments, heteroaryl has 5-10 ring-constituting atoms. In some embodiments, alkoxy is C1-C20 alkoxy. In some embodiments, alkoxy is C1-C12 alkoxy. In some embodiments, alkoxy is C1-C6 alkoxy. In some embodiments, alkoxy is C1-C3 alkoxy. In some embodiments, aryloxy is C6-C40 aryloxy. In some embodiments, aryloxy is C6-C25 aryloxy. In some embodiments, aryloxy is C6-C14 aryloxy. In some embodiments, aryloxy is C6-C10 aryloxy. In some embodiments, heteroaryloxy is C3-C40 heteroaryloxy. In some embodiments, heteroaryloxy has 5-40 ring-constituting atoms. In some embodiments, heteroaryloxy has 5-25 ring-constituting atoms. In some embodiments, heteroaryloxy has 5-10 ring-constituting atoms.

In Formula (I), A is selected from CN, substituted or unsubstituted cyanoaryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom. In some embodiments, A is CN. In some embodiments, A is substituted or unsubstituted cyanoaryl. In some embodiments, A is 2-cyanophenyl. In some embodiments, A is 3-cyanophenyl. In some embodiments, A is 4-cyanophenyl. In some embodiments, A is dicyanophenyl or tricyanophenyl. In some embodiments, A is cyanonaphtyl, dicyanonaphtyl, tricyanonaphtyl, dicyanoanthracenyl, or tricyanoanthracenyl. In some embodiments, A is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom. In some embodiments, A is substituted heteroaryl having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom. In some embodiments, A is aryl-substituted heteroaryl having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom.

In some embodiments, A is group represented by Formula (III)

In Formula (III), one of X¹, X² and X³ is N; and the other two of X¹, X² and X³ are independently N or C(R¹³). In some embodiments, all of of X¹, X² and X³ are N. In some embodiments, X¹ and X² are N. In some embodiments, X² and X³ are N. In some embodiments, X¹ is N. In some embodiments, X² is N.

In Formula (III), R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl. Each instance of alkyl and alkoxy can be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected, from deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. Each instance of aryl, aryloxy, heteroaryl, heteroaryloxy and silyl can be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. Two or more of these substituents taken together can form a ring system. In some embodiments, the ring system here is substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are unsubstituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently phenyl substituted with substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently phenyl substituted with substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are cyano. In some embodiments, R¹³ is H, in some embodiments, R¹³ is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In some embodiments, R¹³ is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, RP is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and R¹³ is H. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and R¹³ is H. In some embodiments, R¹¹ and R¹² are independently substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and R¹³ is H.

In Formula (III), * represents a point of attachment to Formula (I). In some embodiments, A is

In some embodiments, A is

In some embodiments, A is

In some embodiments, A is

In some embodiments, A is

In some embodiments, R²¹, R²², R²³, R²⁴ and R²⁵ are as defined in R¹¹ and R¹². In some embodiments, R²¹, R²² , R²³, R²⁴ and R²⁵ are independently H, CN, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. Each instance of alkyl can be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. Each instance of aryl and heteroaryl can be substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. Two or more of these substituents taken together can form a ring system. In some embodiments, the ring system here is substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring.

In sonic embodiments, If L²¹ is selected from single bond, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene. In some embodiments, each instance of arylene and heteroarylene is substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and two or more of these substituents taken together can form a ring system, In some embodiments, the ring system here is substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring. In some embodiments, L²¹ is single bond, unsubstituted phenylene, or phenylene substituted with at least one alkyl.

In some embodiments, A is selected from the group consisting of A1 to A12 shown below.

In Formula (I), D¹, D² and D³ are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted 1-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-carbazolyl, and group represented by Formula (II). In some embodiments, D¹, D² and D³ are the same. In some embodiments, two of D¹, D² and D³ are the same. In some embodiments, D¹ and D³ are the same and D² is different. In some embodiments, D¹ and D² are the same and D³ is different. In some embodiments, D¹, D² and D³ are different from each other. In some embodiments, at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one carbazole ring. In sonic embodiments, all of D¹, D² and D³ have at least one carbazole ring. In some embodiments, all of D¹, D² and D³ have at least one carbazole ring and at least one of the carbazole rings is substituted at 3-position, 6-position or 3- and 6-positions.

In some embodiments, at least one of D¹, D² and D³ is independently substituted or unsubstituted 1-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-carbazolyl. In some embodiments, D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 1-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-carbazolyl. In some embodiments, each instance of 1-carbazolyl, 2- carbazolyl, 3-carbazolyl and 4-carbazolyl is substituted with at least one independently selected from deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl. Two or more instances of these groups taken together can form a ring system. In some embodiments, the ring system here is substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring. In some embodiments, each instance of 1-carbazolyl, 2-carbazolyl, 3-carbazolyl and 4-carbazolyl is substituted with at least one independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

In some embodiments, D¹, D² and D³ are independently represented by Formula (II).

In Formula (II), R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl; or two or more of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ taken together can form a ring system, or R⁵ and R^(e) taken together can form single bond.

In some embodiments, the ring system formed by two or more of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷, and R⁸ is substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring. In some embodiments, the ring system is substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring, substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene ring, or substituted or unsubstituted anthracene ring. In some embodiments, the aromatic ring is substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or =substituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl.

In some embodiments, R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or substituted heteroaryl; or R⁵ and R⁶ are taken together to form single bond. In some embodiments, R¹ and R², R² and R³, R³ and R⁴, or R⁴ and R⁵ are taken together to form a ring system. In some embodiments, at least one of R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ is substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl.

In Formula (II), L¹ is selected from single bond, substituted or substituted arylene, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene. In some embodiments, each instance of arylene and heteroarylene is substituted with one or more substituents independently selected from deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and two or more of these substituents taken together can form a ring system. In some embodiments, the ring system here is substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring, or substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic ring. In some embodiments, L¹ is single bond, unsubstituted phenylene, or phenylene substituted with at least one alkyl.

In some embodiments, D¹, D² and D³ are independently

In some embodiments, D¹, D² and D³ are independently

In some embodiments, D¹, D² and D³ are independently

In some embodiments, D¹, D² and D³ are independently

In some embodiments, X^(D) is O. In some embodiments, X^(D) is S. In some embodiments, X^(D) is NR^(D′). In some embodiments, X^(D) is C(O). In some embodiments, X^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted methylene. In some embodiments, X^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted ethylene. In some embodiments, X^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted vinylene. In some embodiments, X^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted o-arylene. In some embodiments, X^(D) is and substituted or unsubstituted o-heteroarylene. In some embodiments, methylene, ethylene, vinylene, o-arylene and o-heteroarylene can be substituted with deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, two or more instances of X^(D) taken together can form a ring system.

In some embodiments, R^(D) is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R^(D) is deuterium. In some embodiments, R^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In sonic embodiments, R^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy. In some embodiments, R^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted amino. In some embodiments, R^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In some embodiments, R^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy. In some embodiments, R^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy. In sonic embodiments, R^(D) is silyl. In some embodiments, two or more instances of R^(D) taken together can form a ring system.

In some embodiments, R^(D′) is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R^(D′) is deuterium. In some embodiments, R^(D′) is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In some embodiments, R^(D′) is substituted or unsubstituted amino. In some embodiments, R^(D ′) is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In some embodiments, R^(D′) is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In some embodiments, two or more instances of R^(D ′) and R^(D ′) taken together can form a ring system.

In some embodiments, L^(D) is a single bond. In some embodiments, L^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted arylene. In some embodiments, L^(D) is substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene.

In some embodiments, when L^(D) is substituted each substituent is independently selected from deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; two or more of these substituents taken together can form a ring system.

In some embodiments, DD is selected from the group consisting of D1 to D85 shown below wherein Ph is unsubstituted phenyl,

In some embodiments, when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, then A is substituted or unsubstituted cyanoaryl, or group represented by Formula (II). In some embodiments, when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, and A is cyano, then all of D¹, D² and D³ are not the same. In some embodiments, when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, and A is cyano, then at least one of D¹, D² and D³ is 9-carbazolyl substituted with at least one selected from substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group wherein D¹, D² and D³ are the same, This group includes the following compounds:

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group wherein A is CN, and D¹ and D³ are the same, This group includes the following compounds:

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group wherein A is group represented by Formula (III), and D¹ and D³ are the same. This group includes the following compounds:

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group wherein A is CN; D¹, D² and D³ are group represented by Formula (II); and at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one alkyl group as one of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵. This group includes the following compounds;

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group wherein A is CN; D¹, D² and D³ are group represented by Formula (II); and at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one aryl group as one of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, and R⁵. This group includes the following compounds:

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group wherein A is group represented by Formula (III); D¹, D² and D³ are group represented by Formula (II); and at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one alkyl group as one of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵. This group includes the following compounds:

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group wherein A is group represented by Formula (III) D¹, D² and D³ are group represented by Formula (II); and at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one aryl group as one of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵. This group includes the following compounds:

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) is selected from the group wherein A is group represented by Formula (III); D¹, D² and D³ are group represented by Formula (II); at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one alkyl group as one of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵; and another at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one aryl group as one of R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵. This group includes the following compounds:

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (1) is selected from Compounds 1 to 1517 shown in the following tables:

A D¹ D² D³ 1 A1 D1 D1 D1 2 A1 D2 D2 D2 3 A1 D3 D3 D3 4 A1 D4 D4 D4 5 A1 D5 D5 D5 6 A1 D6 D6 D6 7 A1 D7 D7 D7 8 A1 D8 D8 D8 9 A1 D9 D9 D9 10 A1 D10 D10 D10 11 A1 D11 D11 D11 12 A1 D12 D12 D12 13 A1 D13 D13 D13 14 A1 D14 D14 D14 15 A1 D15 D15 D15 16 A1 D16 D16 D16 17 A1 D17 D17 D17 18 A1 D18 D18 D18 19 A1 D19 D19 D19 20 A1 D20 D20 D20 21 A1 D21 D21 D21 22 A1 D22 D22 D22 23 A1 D23 D23 D23 24 A1 D24 D24 D24 25 A1 D25 D25 D25 26 A1 D26 D26 D26 27 A1 D27 D27 D27 28 A1 D28 D28 D28 29 A1 D29 D29 D29 30 A1 D30 D30 D30 31 A1 D31 D31 D31 32 A1 D32 D32 D32 33 A1 D33 D33 D33 34 A1 D34 D34 D34 35 A1 D35 D35 D35 36 A1 D36 D36 D36 37 A1 D37 D37 D37 38 A1 D38 D38 D38 39 A1 D39 D39 D39 40 A1 D40 D40 D40 41 A1 D41 D41 D41 42 A1 D42 D42 D42 43 A1 D43 D43 D43 44 A1 D44 D44 D44 45 A1 D45 D45 D45 46 A1 D46 D46 D46 47 A1 D47 D47 D47 48 A1 D48 D48 D48 49 A1 D49 D49 D49 50 A1 D50 D50 D50 51 A1 D51 D51 D51 52 A1 D52 D52 D52 53 A1 D53 D53 D53 54 A1 D54 D54 D54 55 A1 D55 D55 D55 56 A1 D56 D56 D56 57 A1 D57 D57 D57 58 A1 D58 D58 D58 59 A1 D59 D59 D59 60 A1 D60 D60 D60 61 A1 D61 D61 D61 62 A1 D62 D62 D62 63 A1 D63 D63 D63 64 A1 D64 D64 D64 65 A1 D65 D65 D65 66 A1 D66 D66 D66 67 A1 D67 D67 D67 68 A1 D68 D68 D68 69 A1 D69 D69 D69 70 A1 D70 D70 D70 71 A1 D71 D71 D71 72 A1 D72 D72 D72 73 A1 D73 D73 D73 74 A1 D74 D74 D74 75 A1 D75 D75 D75 76 A1 D76 D76 D76 77 A1 D77 D77 D77 78 A1 D78 D78 D78 79 A1 D79 D79 D79 80 A1 D80 D80 D80 81 A1 D81 D81 D81 82 A1 D82 D82 D82 83 A1 D83 D83 D83 84 A1 D84 D84 D84 85 A1 D85 D85 D85 86 A2 D1 D1 D1 87 A2 D2 D2 D2 88 A2 D3 D3 D3 89 A2 D4 D4 D4 90 A2 D5 D5 D5 91 A2 D6 D6 D6 92 A2 D7 D7 D7 93 A2 D8 D8 D8 94 A2 D9 D9 D9 95 A2 D10 D10 D10 96 A2 D11 D11 D11 97 A2 D12 D12 D12 98 A2 D13 D13 D13 99 A2 D14 D14 D14 100 A2 D15 D15 D15 101 A2 D16 D16 D16 102 A2 D17 D17 D17 103 A2 D18 D18 D18 104 A2 D19 D19 D19 105 A2 D20 D20 D20 106 A2 D21 D21 D21 107 A2 D22 D22 D22 108 A2 D23 D23 D23 109 A2 D24 D24 D24 110 A2 D25 D25 D25 111 A2 D26 D26 D26 112 A2 D27 D27 D27 113 A2 D28 D28 D28 114 A2 D29 D29 D29 115 A2 D30 D30 D30 116 A2 D31 D31 D31 117 A2 D32 D32 D32 118 A2 D33 D33 D33 119 A2 D34 D34 D34 120 A2 D35 D35 D35 121 A2 D36 D36 D36 122 A2 D37 D37 D37 123 A2 D38 D38 D38 124 A2 D39 D39 D39 125 A2 D40 D40 D40 126 A2 D41 D41 D41 127 A2 D42 D42 D42 128 A2 D43 D43 D43 129 A2 D44 D44 D44 130 A2 D45 D45 D45 131 A2 D46 D46 D46 132 A2 D47 D47 D47 133 A2 D48 D48 D48 134 A2 D49 D49 D49 135 A2 D50 D50 D50 136 A2 D51 D51 D51 137 A2 D52 D52 D52 138 A2 D53 D53 D53 139 A2 D54 D54 D54 140 A2 D55 D55 D55 141 A2 D56 D56 D56 142 A2 D57 D57 D57 143 A2 D58 D58 D58 144 A2 D59 D59 D59 145 A2 D60 D60 D60 146 A2 D61 D61 D61 147 A2 D62 D62 D62 148 A2 D63 D63 D63 149 A2 D64 D64 D64 150 A2 D65 D65 D65 151 A2 D66 D66 D66 152 A2 D67 D67 D67 153 A2 D68 D68 D68 154 A2 D69 D69 D69 155 A2 D70 D70 D70 156 A2 D71 D71 D71 157 A2 D72 D72 D72 158 A2 D73 D73 D73 159 A2 D74 D74 D74 160 A2 D75 D75 D75 161 A2 D76 D76 D76 162 A2 D77 D77 D77 163 A2 D78 D78 D78 164 A2 D79 D79 D79 165 A2 D80 D80 D80 166 A2 D81 D81 D81 167 A2 D82 D82 D82 168 A2 D83 D83 D83 169 A2 D84 D84 D84 170 A2 D85 D85 D85 171 A3 D1 D1 D1 172 A3 D2 D2 D2 173 A3 D3 D3 D3 174 A3 D4 D4 D4 175 A3 D5 D5 D5 176 A3 D6 D6 D6 177 A3 D7 D7 D7 178 A3 D8 D8 D8 179 A3 D9 D9 D9 180 A3 D10 D10 D10 181 A3 D11 D11 D11 182 A3 D12 D12 D12 183 A3 D13 D13 D13 184 A3 D14 D14 D14 185 A3 D15 D15 D15 186 A3 D16 D16 D16 187 A3 D17 D17 D17 188 A3 D18 D18 D18 189 A3 D19 D19 D19 190 A3 D20 D20 D20 191 A3 D21 D21 D21 192 A3 D22 D22 D22 193 A3 D23 D23 D23 194 A3 D24 D24 D24 195 A3 D25 D25 D25 196 A3 D26 D26 D26 197 A3 D27 D27 D27 198 A3 D28 D28 D28 199 A3 D29 D29 D29 200 A3 D30 D30 D30 201 A3 D31 D31 D31 202 A3 D32 D32 D32 203 A3 D33 D33 D33 204 A3 D34 D34 D34 205 A3 D35 D35 D35 206 A3 D36 D36 D36 207 A3 D37 D37 D37 208 A3 D38 D38 D38 209 A3 D39 D39 D39 210 A3 D40 D40 D40 211 A3 D41 D41 D41 212 A3 D42 D42 D42 213 A3 D43 D43 D43 214 A3 D44 D44 D44 215 A3 D45 D45 D45 216 A3 D46 D46 D46 217 A3 D47 D47 D47 218 A3 D48 D48 D48 219 A3 D49 D49 D49 220 A3 D50 D50 D50 221 A3 D51 D51 D51 222 A3 D52 D52 D52 223 A3 D53 D53 D53 224 A3 D54 D54 D54 225 A3 D55 D55 D55 226 A3 D56 D56 D56 227 A3 D57 D57 D57 228 A3 D58 D58 D58 229 A3 D59 D59 D59 230 A3 D60 D60 D60 231 A3 D61 D61 D61 232 A3 D62 D62 D62 233 A3 D63 D63 D63 234 A3 D64 D64 D64 235 A3 D65 D65 D65 236 A3 D66 D66 D66 237 A3 D67 D67 D67 238 A3 D68 D68 D68 239 A3 D69 D69 D69 240 A3 D70 D70 D70 241 A3 D71 D71 D71 242 A3 D72 D72 D72 243 A3 D73 D73 D73 244 A3 D74 D74 D74 245 A3 D75 D75 D75 246 A3 D76 D76 D76 247 A3 D77 D77 D77 248 A3 D78 D78 D78 249 A3 D79 D79 D79 250 A3 D80 D80 D80 251 A3 D81 D81 D81 252 A3 D82 D82 D82 253 A3 D83 D83 D83 254 A3 D84 D84 D84 255 A3 D85 D85 D85 256 A4 D1 D1 D1 257 A4 D2 D2 D2 258 A4 D3 D3 D3 259 A4 D4 D4 D4 260 A4 D5 D5 D5 261 A4 D6 D6 D6 262 A4 D7 D7 D7 263 A4 D8 D8 D8 264 A4 D9 D9 D9 265 A4 D10 D10 D10 266 A4 D11 D11 D11 267 A4 D12 D12 D12 268 A4 D13 D13 D13 269 A4 D14 D14 D14 270 A4 D15 D15 D15 271 A4 D16 D16 D16 272 A4 D17 D17 D17 273 A4 D18 D18 D18 274 A4 D19 D19 D19 275 A4 D20 D20 D20 276 A4 D21 D21 D21 277 A4 D22 D22 D22 278 A4 D23 D23 D23 279 A4 D24 D24 D24 280 A4 D25 D25 D25 281 A4 D26 D26 D26 282 A4 D27 D27 D27 283 A4 D28 D28 D28 284 A4 D29 D29 D29 285 A4 D30 D30 D30 286 A4 D31 D31 D31 287 A4 D32 D32 D32 288 A4 D33 D33 D33 289 A4 D34 D34 D34 290 A4 D35 D35 D35 291 A4 D36 D36 D36 292 A4 D37 D37 D37 293 A4 D38 D38 D38 294 A4 D39 D39 D39 295 A4 D40 D40 D40 296 A4 D41 D41 D41 297 A4 D42 D42 D42 298 A4 D43 D43 D43 299 A4 D44 D44 D44 300 A4 D45 D45 D45 301 A4 D46 D46 D46 302 A4 D47 D47 D47 303 A4 D48 D48 D48 304 A4 D49 D49 D49 305 A4 D50 D50 D50 306 A4 D51 D51 D51 307 A4 D52 D52 D52 308 A4 D53 D53 D53 309 A4 D54 D54 D54 310 A4 D55 D55 D55 311 A4 D56 D56 D56 312 A4 D57 D57 D57 313 A4 D58 D58 D58 314 A4 D59 D59 D59 315 A4 D60 D60 D60 316 A4 D61 D61 D61 317 A4 D62 D62 D62 318 A4 D63 D63 D63 319 A4 D64 D64 D64 320 A4 D65 D65 D65 321 A4 D66 D66 D66 322 A4 D67 D67 D67 323 A4 D68 D68 D68 324 A4 D69 D69 D69 325 A4 D70 D70 D70 326 A4 D71 D71 D71 327 A4 D72 D72 D72 328 A4 D73 D73 D73 329 A4 D74 D74 D74 330 A4 D75 D75 D75 331 A4 D76 D76 D76 332 A4 D77 D77 D77 333 A4 D78 D78 D78 334 A4 D79 D79 D79 335 A4 D80 D80 D80 336 A4 D81 D81 D81 337 A4 D82 D82 D82 338 A4 D83 D83 D83 339 A4 D84 D84 D84 340 A4 D85 D85 D85 341 A5 D1 D1 D1 342 A5 D2 D2 D2 343 A5 D3 D3 D3 344 A5 D4 D4 D4 345 A5 D5 D5 D5 346 A5 D6 D6 D6 347 A5 D7 D7 D7 348 A5 D8 D8 D8 349 A5 D9 D9 D9 350 A5 D10 D10 D10 351 A5 D11 D11 D11 352 A5 D12 D12 D12 353 A5 D13 D13 D13 354 A5 D14 D14 D14 355 A5 D15 D15 D15 356 A5 D16 D16 D16 357 A5 D17 D17 D17 358 A5 D18 D18 D18 359 A5 D19 D19 D19 360 A5 D20 D20 D20 361 A5 D21 D21 D21 362 A5 D22 D22 D22 363 A5 D23 D23 D23 364 A5 D24 D24 D24 365 A5 D25 D25 D25 366 A5 D26 D26 D26 367 A5 D27 D27 D27 368 A5 D28 D28 D28 369 A5 D29 D29 D29 370 A5 D30 D30 D30 371 A5 D31 D31 D31 372 A5 D32 D32 D32 373 A5 D33 D33 D33 374 A5 D34 D34 D34 375 A5 D35 D35 D35 376 A5 D36 D36 D36 377 A5 D37 D37 D37 378 A5 D38 D38 D38 379 A5 D39 D39 D39 380 A5 D40 D40 D40 381 A5 D41 D41 D41 382 A5 D42 D42 D42 383 A5 D43 D43 D43 384 A5 D44 D44 D44 385 A5 D45 D45 D45 386 A5 D46 D45 D46 387 A5 D47 D47 D47 388 A5 D48 D48 D48 389 A5 D49 D49 D49 390 A5 D50 D50 D50 391 A5 D51 D51 D51 392 A5 D52 D52 D52 393 A5 D53 D53 D53 394 A5 D54 D54 D54 395 A5 D55 D55 D55 396 A5 D56 D56 D56 397 A5 D57 D57 D57 398 A5 D58 D58 D58 399 A5 D59 D59 D59 400 A5 D60 D60 D60 401 A5 D61 D61 D61 402 A5 D62 D62 D62 403 A5 D63 D63 D63 404 A5 D64 D64 D64 405 A5 D65 D65 D65 406 A5 D66 D66 D66 407 A5 D67 D67 D67 408 A5 D68 D68 D68 409 A5 D69 D69 D69 410 A5 D70 D70 D70 411 A5 D71 D71 D71 412 A5 D72 D72 D72 413 A5 D73 D73 D73 414 A5 D74 D74 D74 415 A5 D75 D75 D75 416 A5 D76 D76 D76 417 A5 D77 D77 D77 418 A5 D78 D78 D78 419 A5 D79 D79 D79 420 A5 D80 D80 D80 421 A5 D81 D81 D81 422 A5 D82 D82 D82 423 A5 D83 D83 D83 424 A5 D84 D84 D84 425 A5 D85 D85 D85 426 A6 D1 D1 D1 427 A6 D2 D2 D2 428 A6 D3 D3 D3 429 A6 D4 D4 D4 430 A6 D5 D5 D5 431 A6 D6 D6 D6 432 A6 D7 D7 D7 433 A6 D8 D8 D8 434 A6 D9 D9 D9 435 A6 D10 D10 D10 436 A6 D11 D11 D11 437 A6 D12 D12 D12 438 A6 D13 D13 D13 439 A6 D14 D14 D14 440 A6 D15 D15 D15 441 A6 D16 D16 D16 442 A6 D17 D17 D17 443 A6 D18 D18 D18 444 A6 D19 D19 D19 445 A6 D20 D20 D20 446 A6 D21 D21 D21 447 A6 D22 D22 D22 448 A6 D23 D23 D23 449 A6 D24 D24 D24 450 A6 D25 D25 D25 451 A6 D26 D26 D26 452 A6 D27 D27 D27 453 A6 D28 D28 D28 454 A6 D29 D29 D29 455 A6 D30 D30 D30 456 A6 D31 D31 D31 457 A6 D32 D32 D32 458 A6 D33 D33 D33 459 A6 D34 D34 D34 460 A6 D35 D35 D35 461 A6 D36 D36 D36 462 A6 D37 D37 D37 463 A6 D38 D38 D38 464 A6 D39 D39 D39 465 A6 D40 D40 D40 466 A6 D41 D41 D41 467 A6 D42 D42 D42 468 A6 D43 D43 D43 469 A6 D44 D44 D44 470 A6 D45 D45 D45 471 A6 D46 D46 D46 472 A6 D47 D47 D47 473 A6 D48 D48 D48 474 A6 D49 D49 D49 475 A6 D50 D50 D50 476 A6 D51 D51 D51 477 A6 D52 D52 D52 478 A6 D53 D53 D53 479 A6 D54 D54 D54 480 A6 D55 D55 D55 481 A6 D56 D56 D56 482 A6 D57 D57 D57 483 A6 D58 D58 D58 484 A6 D59 D59 D59 485 A6 D60 D60 D60 486 A6 D61 D61 D61 487 A6 D62 D62 D62 488 A6 D63 D63 D63 489 A6 D64 D64 D64 490 A6 D65 D65 D65 491 A6 D66 D66 D66 492 A6 D67 D67 D67 493 A6 D68 D68 D68 494 A6 D69 D69 D69 495 A6 D70 D70 D70 496 A6 D71 D71 D71 497 A6 D72 D72 D72 498 A6 D73 D73 D73 499 A6 D74 D74 D74 500 A6 D75 D75 D75 501 A6 D76 D76 D76 502 A6 D77 D77 D77 503 A6 D78 D78 D78 504 A6 D79 D79 D79 505 A6 D80 D80 D80 506 A6 D81 D81 D81 507 A6 D82 D82 D82 508 A6 D83 D83 D83 509 A6 D84 D84 D84 510 A6 D85 D85 D85 511 A7 D1 D1 D1 512 A7 D2 D2 D2 513 A7 D3 D3 D3 514 A7 D4 D4 D4 515 A7 D5 D5 D5 516 A7 D6 D6 D6 517 A7 D7 D7 D7 518 A7 D8 D8 D8 519 A7 D9 D9 D9 520 A7 D10 D10 D10 521 A7 D11 D11 D11 522 A7 D12 D12 D12 523 A7 D13 D13 D13 524 A7 D14 D14 D14 525 A7 D15 D15 D15 526 A7 D16 D16 D16 527 A7 D17 D17 D17 528 A7 D18 D18 D18 529 A7 D19 D19 D19 530 A7 D20 D20 D20 531 A7 D21 D21 D21 532 A7 D22 D22 D22 533 A7 D23 D23 D23 534 A7 D24 D24 D24 535 A7 D25 D25 D25 536 A7 D26 D26 D26 537 A7 D27 D27 D27 538 A7 D28 D28 D28 539 A7 D29 D29 D29 540 A7 D30 D30 D30 541 A7 D31 D31 D31 542 A7 D32 D32 D32 543 A7 D33 D33 D33 544 A7 D34 D34 D34 545 A7 D35 D35 D35 546 A7 D36 D36 D36 547 A7 D37 D37 D37 548 A7 D38 D38 D38 549 A7 D39 D39 D39 550 A7 D40 D40 D40 551 A7 D41 D41 D41 552 A7 D42 D42 D42 553 A7 D43 D43 D43 554 A7 D44 D44 D44 555 A7 D45 D45 D45 556 A7 D46 D46 D46 557 A7 D47 D47 D47 558 A7 D48 D48 D48 559 A7 D49 D49 D49 560 A7 D50 D50 D50 561 A7 D51 D51 D51 562 A7 D52 D52 D52 563 A7 D53 D53 D53 564 A7 D54 D54 D54 565 A7 D55 D55 D55 566 A7 D56 D56 D56 567 A7 D57 D57 D57 568 A7 D58 D58 D58 569 A7 D59 D59 D59 570 A7 D60 D60 D60 571 A7 D61 D61 D61 572 A7 D62 D62 D62 573 A7 D63 D63 D63 574 A7 D64 D64 D64 575 A7 D65 D65 D65 576 A7 D66 D66 D66 577 A7 D67 D67 D67 578 A7 D68 D68 D68 579 A7 D69 D69 D69 580 A7 D70 D70 D70 581 A7 D71 D71 D71 582 A7 D72 D72 D72 583 A7 D73 D73 D73 584 A7 D74 D74 D74 585 A7 D75 D75 D75 586 A7 D76 D76 D76 587 A7 D77 D77 D77 588 A7 D78 D78 D78 589 A7 D79 D79 D79 590 A7 D80 D80 D80 591 A7 D81 D81 D81 592 A7 D82 D82 D82 593 A7 D83 D83 D83 594 A7 D84 D84 D84 595 A7 D85 D85 D85 596 A8 D1 D1 D1 597 A8 D2 D2 D2 598 A8 D3 D3 D3 599 A8 D4 D4 D4 600 A8 D5 D5 D5 601 A8 D6 D6 D6 602 A8 D7 D7 D7 603 A8 D8 D8 D8 604 A8 D9 D9 D9 605 A8 D10 D10 D10 606 A8 D11 D11 D11 607 A8 D12 D12 D12 608 A8 D13 D13 D13 609 A8 D14 D14 D14 610 A8 D15 D15 D15 611 A8 D16 D16 D16 612 A8 D17 D17 D17 613 A8 D18 D18 D18 614 A8 D19 D19 D19 615 A8 D20 D20 D20 616 A8 D21 D21 D21 617 A8 D22 D22 D22 618 A8 D23 D23 D23 619 A8 D24 D24 D24 620 A8 D25 D25 D25 621 A8 D26 D26 D26 622 A8 D27 D27 D27 623 A8 D28 D28 D28 624 A8 D29 D29 D29 625 A8 D30 D30 D30 626 A8 D31 D31 D31 627 A8 D32 D32 D32 628 A8 D33 D33 D33 629 A8 D34 D34 D34 630 A8 D35 D35 D35 631 A8 D36 D36 D36 632 A8 D37 D37 D37 633 A8 D38 D38 D38 634 A8 D39 D39 D39 635 A8 D40 D40 D40 636 A8 D41 D41 D41 637 A8 D42 D42 D42 638 A8 D43 D43 D43 639 A8 D44 D44 D44 640 A8 D45 D45 D45 641 A8 D46 D46 D46 642 A8 D47 D47 D47 643 A8 D48 D48 D48 644 A8 D49 D49 D49 645 A8 D50 D50 D50 646 A8 D51 D51 D51 647 A8 D52 D52 D52 648 A8 D53 D53 D53 649 A8 D54 D54 D54 650 A8 D55 D55 D55 651 A8 D56 D56 D56 652 A8 D57 D57 D57 653 A8 D58 D58 D58 654 A8 D59 D59 D59 655 A8 D60 D60 D60 656 A8 D61 D61 D61 657 A8 D62 D62 D62 658 A8 D63 D63 D63 659 A8 D64 D64 D64 660 A8 D65 D65 D65 661 A8 D66 D66 D66 662 A8 D67 D67 D67 663 A8 D68 D68 D68 664 A8 D69 D69 D69 665 A8 D70 D70 D70 666 A8 D71 D71 D71 667 A8 D72 D72 D72 668 A8 D73 D73 D73 669 A8 D74 D74 D74 670 A8 D75 D75 D75 671 A8 D76 D76 D76 672 A8 D77 D77 D77 673 A8 D78 D78 D78 674 A8 D79 D79 D79 675 A8 D80 D80 D80 676 A8 D81 D81 D81 677 A8 D82 D82 D82 678 A8 D83 D83 D83 679 A8 D84 D84 D84 680 A8 D85 D85 D85 681 A9 D1 D1 D1 682 A9 D2 D2 D2 683 A9 D3 D3 D3 684 A9 D4 D4 D4 685 A9 D5 D5 D5 686 A9 D6 D6 D6 687 A9 D7 D7 D7 688 A9 D8 D8 D8 689 A9 D9 D9 D9 690 A9 D10 D10 D10 691 A9 D11 D11 D11 692 A9 D12 D12 D12 693 A9 D13 D13 D13 694 A9 D14 D14 D14 695 A9 D15 D15 D15 696 A9 D16 D16 D16 697 A9 D17 D17 D17 698 A9 D18 D18 D18 699 A9 D19 D19 D19 700 A9 D20 D20 D20 701 A9 D21 D21 D21 702 A9 D22 D22 D22 703 A9 D23 D23 D23 704 A9 D24 D24 D24 705 A9 D25 D25 D25 706 A9 D26 D26 D26 707 A9 D27 D27 D27 708 A9 D28 D28 D28 709 A9 D29 D29 D29 710 A9 D30 D30 D30 711 A9 D31 D31 D31 712 A9 D32 D32 D32 713 A9 D33 D33 D33 714 A9 D34 D34 D34 715 A9 D35 D35 D35 716 A9 D36 D36 D36 717 A9 D37 D37 D37 718 A9 D38 D38 D38 719 A9 D39 D39 D39 720 A9 D40 D40 D40 721 A9 D41 D41 D41 722 A9 D42 D42 D42 723 A9 D43 D43 D43 724 A9 D44 D44 D44 725 A9 D45 D45 D45 726 A9 D46 D46 D46 727 A9 D47 D47 D47 728 A9 D48 D48 D48 729 A9 D49 D49 D49 730 A9 D50 D50 D50 731 A9 D51 D51 D51 732 A9 D52 D52 D52 733 A9 D53 D53 D53 734 A9 D54 D54 D54 735 A9 D55 D55 D55 736 A9 D56 D56 D56 737 A9 D57 D57 D57 738 A9 D58 D58 D58 739 A9 D59 D59 D59 740 A9 D60 D60 D60 741 A9 D61 D61 D61 742 A9 D62 D62 D62 743 A9 D63 D63 D63 744 A9 D64 D64 D64 745 A9 D65 D65 D65 746 A9 D66 D66 D66 747 A9 D67 D67 D67 748 A9 D68 D68 D68 749 A9 D69 D69 D69 750 A9 D70 D70 D70 751 A9 D71 D71 D71 752 A9 D72 D72 D72 753 A9 D73 D73 D73 754 A9 D74 D74 D74 755 A9 D75 D75 D75 756 A9 D76 D76 D76 757 A9 D77 D77 D77 758 A9 D78 D78 D78 759 A9 D79 D79 D79 760 A9 D80 D80 D80 761 A9 D81 D81 D81 762 A9 D82 D82 D82 763 A9 D83 D83 D83 764 A9 D84 D84 D84 765 A9 D85 D85 D85 766 A10 D1 D1 D1 767 A10 D2 D2 D2 768 A10 D3 D3 D3 769 A10 D4 D4 D4 770 A10 D5 D5 D5 771 A10 D6 D6 D6 772 A10 D7 D7 D7 773 A10 D8 D8 D8 774 A10 D9 D9 D9 775 A10 D10 D10 D10 776 A10 D11 D11 D11 777 A10 D12 D12 D12 778 A10 D13 D13 D13 779 A10 D14 D14 D14 780 A10 D15 D15 D15 781 A10 D16 D16 D16 782 A10 D17 D17 D17 783 A10 D18 D18 D18 784 A10 D19 D19 D19 785 A10 D20 D20 D20 786 A10 D21 D21 D21 787 A10 D22 D22 D22 788 A10 D23 D23 D23 789 A10 D24 D24 D24 790 A10 D25 D25 D25 791 A10 D26 D26 D26 792 A10 D27 D27 D27 793 A10 D28 D28 D28 794 A10 D29 D29 D29 795 A10 D30 D30 D30 796 A10 D31 D31 D31 797 A10 D32 D32 D32 798 A10 D33 D33 D33 799 A10 D34 D34 D34 800 A10 D35 D35 D35 801 A10 D36 D36 D36 802 A10 D37 D37 D37 803 A10 D38 D38 D38 804 A10 D39 D39 D39 805 A10 D40 D40 D40 806 A10 D41 D41 D41 807 A10 D42 D42 D42 808 A10 D43 D43 D43 809 A10 D44 D44 D44 810 A10 D45 D45 D45 811 A10 D46 D46 D46 812 A10 D47 D47 D47 813 A10 D48 D48 D48 814 A10 D49 D49 D49 815 A10 D50 D50 D50 816 A10 D51 D51 D51 817 A10 D52 D52 D52 818 A10 D53 D53 D53 819 A10 D54 D54 D54 820 A10 D55 D55 D55 821 A10 D56 D56 D56 822 A10 D57 D57 D57 823 A10 D58 D58 D58 824 A10 D59 D59 D59 825 A10 D60 D60 D60 826 A10 D61 D61 D61 827 A10 D62 D62 D62 828 A10 D63 D63 D63 829 A10 D64 D64 D64 830 A10 D65 D65 D65 831 A10 D66 D66 D66 832 A10 D67 D67 D67 833 A10 D68 D68 D68 834 A10 D69 D69 D69 835 A10 D70 D70 D70 836 A10 D71 D71 D71 837 A10 D72 D72 D72 838 A10 D73 D73 D73 839 A10 D74 D74 D74 840 A10 D75 D75 D75 841 A10 D76 D76 D76 842 A10 D77 D77 D77 843 A10 D78 D78 D78 844 A10 D79 D79 D79 845 A10 D80 D80 D80 846 A10 D81 D81 D81 847 A10 D82 D82 D82 848 A10 D83 D83 D83 849 A10 D84 D84 D84 850 A10 D85 D85 D85 851 A11 D1 D1 D1 852 A11 D2 D2 D2 853 A11 D3 D3 D3 854 A11 D4 D4 D4 855 A11 D5 D5 D5 856 A11 D6 D6 D6 857 A11 D7 D7 D7 858 A11 D8 D8 D8 859 A11 D9 D9 D9 860 A11 D10 D10 D10 861 A11 D11 D11 D11 862 A11 D12 D12 D12 863 A11 D13 D13 D13 864 A11 D14 D14 D14 865 A11 D15 D15 D15 866 A11 D16 D16 D16 867 A11 D17 D17 D17 868 A11 D18 D18 D18 869 A11 D19 D19 D19 870 A11 D20 D20 D20 871 A11 D21 D21 D21 872 A11 D22 D22 D22 873 A11 D23 D23 D23 874 A11 D24 D24 D24 875 A11 D25 D25 D25 876 A11 D26 D26 D26 877 A11 D27 D27 D27 878 A11 D28 D28 D28 879 A11 D29 D29 D29 880 A11 D30 D30 D30 881 A11 D31 D31 D31 882 A11 D32 D32 D32 883 A11 D33 D33 D33 884 A11 D34 D34 D34 885 A11 D35 D35 D35 886 A11 D36 D36 D36 887 A11 D37 D37 D37 888 A11 D38 D38 D38 889 A11 D39 D39 D39 890 A11 D40 D40 D40 891 A11 D41 D41 D41 892 A11 D42 D42 D42 893 A11 D43 D43 D43 894 A11 D44 D44 D44 895 A11 D45 D45 D45 896 A11 D46 D46 D46 897 A11 D47 D47 D47 898 A11 D48 D48 D48 899 A11 D49 D49 D49 900 A11 D50 D50 D50 901 A11 D51 D51 D51 902 A11 D52 D52 D52 903 A11 D53 D53 D53 904 A11 D54 D54 D54 905 A11 D55 D55 D55 906 A11 D56 D56 D56 907 A11 D57 D57 D57 908 A11 D58 D58 D58 909 A11 D59 D59 D59 910 A11 D60 D60 D60 911 A11 D61 D61 D61 912 A11 D62 D62 D62 913 A11 D63 D63 D63 914 A11 D64 D64 D64 915 A11 D65 D65 D65 916 A11 D66 D66 D66 917 A11 D67 D67 D67 918 A11 D68 D68 D68 919 A11 D69 D69 D69 920 A11 D70 D70 D70 921 A11 D71 D71 D71 922 A11 D72 D72 D72 923 A11 D73 D73 D73 924 A11 D74 D74 D74 925 A11 D75 D75 D75 926 A11 D76 D76 D76 927 A11 D77 D77 D77 928 A11 D78 D78 D78 929 A11 D79 D79 D79 930 A11 D80 D80 D80 931 A11 D81 D81 D81 932 A11 D82 D82 D82 933 A11 D83 D83 D83 934 A11 D84 D84 D84 935 A11 D85 D85 D85 936 A12 D1 D1 D1 937 A12 D2 D2 D2 938 A12 D3 D3 D3 939 A12 D4 D4 D4 940 A12 D5 D5 D5 941 A12 D6 D6 D6 942 A12 D7 D7 D7 943 A12 D8 D8 D8 944 A12 D9 D9 D9 945 A12 D10 D10 D10 946 A12 D11 D11 D11 947 A12 D12 D12 D12 948 A12 D13 D13 D13 949 A12 D14 D14 D14 950 A12 D15 D15 D15 951 A12 D16 D18 D16 952 A12 D17 D17 D17 953 A12 D18 D18 D18 954 A12 D19 D19 D19 955 A12 D20 D20 D20 956 A12 D21 D21 D21 957 A12 D22 D22 D22 958 A12 D23 D23 D23 959 A12 D24 D24 D24 960 A12 D25 D25 D25 961 A12 D26 D26 D26 962 A12 D27 D27 D27 963 A12 D28 D28 D28 964 A12 D29 D29 D29 965 A12 D30 D30 D30 966 A12 D31 D31 D31 967 A12 D32 D32 D32 968 A12 D33 D33 D33 969 A12 D34 D34 D34 970 A12 D35 D35 D35 971 A12 D36 D36 D36 972 A12 D37 D37 D37 973 A12 D38 D38 D38 974 A12 D39 D39 D39 975 A12 D40 D40 D40 976 A12 D41 D41 D41 977 A12 D42 D42 D42 978 A12 D43 D43 D43 979 A12 D44 D44 D44 980 A12 D45 D45 D45 981 A12 D46 D46 D46 982 A12 D47 D47 D47 983 A12 D48 D48 D48 984 A12 D49 D49 D49 985 A12 D50 D50 D50 986 A12 D51 D51 D51 987 A12 D52 D52 D52 988 A12 D53 D53 D53 989 A12 D54 D54 D54 990 A12 D55 D55 D55 991 A12 D56 D56 D56 992 A12 D57 D57 D57 993 A12 D58 D58 D58 994 A12 D59 D59 D59 995 A12 D60 D60 D60 996 A12 D61 D61 D61 997 A12 D62 D62 D62 998 A12 D63 D63 D63 999 A12 D64 D64 D64 1000 A12 D65 D65 D65 1001 A12 D66 D66 D66 1002 A12 D67 D67 D67 1003 A12 D68 D68 D68 1004 A12 D69 D69 D69 1005 A12 D70 D70 D70 1006 A12 D71 D71 D71 1007 A12 D72 D72 D72 1008 A12 D73 D73 D73 1009 A12 D74 D74 D74 1010 A12 D75 D75 D75 1011 A12 D76 D76 D76 1012 A12 D77 D77 D77 1013 A12 D78 D78 D78 1014 A12 D79 D79 D79 1015 A12 D80 D80 D80 1016 A12 D81 D81 D81 1017 A12 D82 D82 D82 1018 A12 D83 D83 D83 1019 A12 D84 D84 D84 1020 A12 D85 D85 D85 1021 A1 D1 D1 D2 1022 A1 D1 D1 D3 1023 A1 D1 D1 D4 1024 A1 D1 D1 D5 1025 A1 D1 D1 D6 1026 A1 D1 D1 D21 1027 A1 D1 D1 D32 1028 A1 D1 D1 D60 1029 A1 D2 D2 D1 1030 A1 D2 D2 D3 1031 A1 D2 D2 D4 1032 A1 D2 D2 D5 1033 A1 D2 D2 D6 1034 A1 D2 D2 D21 1035 A1 D2 D2 D32 1036 A1 D2 D2 D60 1037 A1 D3 D3 D1 1038 A1 D3 D3 D2 1039 A1 D3 D3 D4 1040 A1 D3 D3 D5 1041 A1 D3 D3 D6 1042 A1 D3 D3 D21 1043 A1 D3 D3 D32 1044 A1 D3 D3 D60 1045 A1 D4 D4 D1 1046 A1 D4 D4 D2 1047 A1 D4 D4 D3 1048 A1 D4 D4 D5 1049 A1 D4 D4 D6 1050 A1 D4 D4 D21 1051 A1 D4 D4 D32 1052 A1 D4 D4 D60 1053 A1 D5 D5 D1 1054 A1 D5 D5 D2 1055 A1 D5 D5 D3 1056 A1 D5 D5 D4 1057 A1 D5 D5 D6 1058 A1 D5 D5 D21 1059 A1 D5 D5 D32 1060 A1 D5 D5 D60 1061 A1 D6 D6 D1 1062 A1 D6 D6 D2 1063 A1 D6 D6 D3 1064 A1 D6 D6 D4 1065 A1 D6 D6 D5 1066 A1 D6 D6 D21 1067 A1 D6 D6 D32 1068 A1 D6 D6 D60 1069 A2 D1 D1 D2 1070 A2 D1 D1 D3 1071 A2 D1 D1 D4 1072 A2 D1 D1 D5 1073 A2 D1 D1 D6 1074 A2 D1 D1 D21 1075 A2 D1 D1 D32 1076 A2 D1 D1 D60 1077 A2 D2 D2 D1 1078 A2 D2 D2 D3 1079 A2 D2 D2 D4 1080 A2 D2 D2 D5 1081 A2 D2 D2 D6 1082 A2 D2 D2 D21 1083 A2 D2 D2 D32 1084 A2 D2 D2 D60 1085 A2 D3 D3 D1 1086 A2 D3 D3 D2 1087 A2 D3 D3 D4 1088 A2 D3 D3 D5 1089 A2 D3 D3 D6 1090 A2 D3 D3 D21 1091 A2 D3 D3 D32 1092 A2 D3 D3 D60 1093 A2 D4 D4 D1 1094 A2 D4 D4 D2 1095 A2 D4 D4 D3 1096 A2 D4 D4 D5 1097 A2 D4 D4 D6 1098 A2 D4 D4 D21 1099 A2 D4 D4 D32 1100 A2 D4 D4 D60 1101 A2 D5 D5 D1 1102 A2 D5 D5 D2 1103 A2 D5 D5 D3 1104 A2 D5 D5 D4 1105 A2 D5 D5 D6 1106 A2 D5 D5 D21 1107 A2 D5 D5 D32 1108 A2 D5 D5 D60 1109 A2 D6 D6 D1 1110 A2 D6 D6 D2 1111 A2 D6 D6 D3 1112 A2 D6 D6 D4 1113 A2 D6 D6 D5 1114 A2 D6 D6 D21 1115 A2 D6 D6 D32 1116 A2 D6 D6 D60 1117 A6 D1 D1 D2 1118 A6 D1 D1 D3 1119 A6 D1 D1 D4 1120 A6 D1 D1 D5 1121 A6 D1 D1 D6 1122 A6 D1 D1 D21 1123 A6 D1 D1 D32 1124 A6 D1 D1 D60 1125 A6 D2 D2 D1 1126 A6 D2 D2 D3 1127 A6 D2 D2 D4 1128 A6 D2 D2 D5 1129 A6 D2 D2 D6 1130 A6 D2 D2 D21 1131 A6 D2 D2 D32 1132 A6 D2 D2 D60 1133 A6 D3 D3 D1 1134 A6 D3 D3 D2 1135 A6 D3 D3 D4 1136 A6 D3 D3 D5 1137 A6 D3 D3 D6 1138 A6 D3 D3 D21 1139 A6 D3 D3 D32 1140 A6 D3 D3 D60 1141 A6 D4 D4 D1 1142 A6 D4 D4 D2 1143 A6 D4 D4 D3 1144 A6 D4 D4 D5 1145 A6 D4 D4 D6 1146 A6 D4 D4 D21 1147 A6 D4 D4 D32 1148 A6 D4 D4 D60 1149 A6 D5 D5 D1 1150 A6 D5 D5 D2 1151 A6 D5 D5 D3 1152 A6 D5 D5 D4 1153 A6 D5 D5 D6 1154 A6 D5 D5 D21 1155 A6 D5 D5 D32 1156 A6 D5 D5 D60 1157 A6 D6 D6 D1 1158 A6 D6 D6 D2 1159 A6 D6 D6 D3 1160 A6 D6 D6 D4 1161 A6 D6 D6 D5 1162 A6 D6 D6 D21 1163 A6 D6 D6 D32 1164 A6 D6 D6 D60 1165 A8 D1 D1 D2 1166 A8 D1 D1 D3 1167 A8 D1 D1 D4 1168 A8 D1 D1 D5 1169 A8 D1 D1 D6 1170 A8 D1 D1 D21 1171 A8 D1 D1 D32 1172 A8 D1 D1 D60 1173 A8 D2 D2 D1 1174 A8 D2 D2 D3 1175 A8 D2 D2 D4 1176 A8 D2 D2 D5 1177 A8 D2 D2 D6 1178 A8 D2 D2 D21 1179 A8 D2 D2 D32 1180 A8 D2 D2 D60 1181 A8 D3 D3 D1 1182 A8 D3 D3 D2 1183 A8 D3 D3 D4 1184 A8 D3 D3 D5 1185 A8 D3 D3 D6 1186 A8 D3 D3 D21 1187 A8 D3 D3 D32 1188 A8 D3 D3 D60 1189 A8 D4 D4 D1 1190 A8 D4 D4 D2 1191 A8 D4 D4 D3 1192 A8 D4 D4 D5 1193 A8 D4 D4 D6 1194 A8 D4 D4 D21 1195 A8 D4 D4 D32 1196 A8 D4 D4 D60 1197 A8 D5 D5 D1 1198 A8 D5 D5 D2 1199 A8 D5 D5 D3 1200 A8 D5 D5 D4 1201 A8 D5 D5 D6 1202 A8 D5 D5 D21 1203 A8 D5 D5 D32 1204 A8 D5 D5 D60 1205 A8 D6 D6 D1 1206 A8 D6 D6 D2 1207 A8 D6 D6 D3 1208 A8 D6 D6 D4 1209 A8 D6 D6 D5 1210 A8 D6 D6 D21 1211 A8 D6 D6 D32 1212 A8 D6 D6 D60 1213 A10 D1 D1 D2 1214 A10 D1 D1 D3 1215 A10 D1 D1 D4 1216 A10 D1 D1 D5 1217 A10 D1 D1 D6 1218 A10 D1 D1 D21 1219 A10 D1 D1 D32 1220 A10 D1 D1 D60 1221 A10 D2 D2 D1 1222 A10 D2 D2 D3 1223 A10 D2 D2 D4 1224 A10 D2 D2 D5 1225 A10 D2 D2 D6 1226 A10 D2 D2 D21 1227 A10 D2 D2 D32 1228 A10 D2 D2 D60 1229 A10 D3 D3 D1 1230 A10 D3 D3 D2 1231 A10 D3 D3 D4 1232 A10 D3 D3 D5 1233 A10 D3 D3 D6 1234 A10 D3 D3 D21 1235 A10 D3 D3 D32 1236 A10 D3 D3 D60 1237 A10 D4 D4 D1 1238 A10 D4 D4 D2 1239 A10 D4 D4 D3 1240 A10 D4 D4 D5 1241 A10 D4 D4 D6 1242 A10 D4 D4 D21 1243 A10 D4 D4 D32 1244 A10 D4 D4 D60 1245 A10 D5 D5 D1 1246 A10 D5 D5 D2 1247 A10 D5 D5 D3 1248 A10 D5 D5 D4 1249 A10 D5 D5 D6 1250 A10 D5 D5 D21 1251 A10 D5 D5 D32 1252 A10 D5 D5 D60 1253 A10 D6 D6 D1 1254 A10 D6 D6 D2 1255 A10 D6 D6 D3 1256 A10 D6 D6 D4 1257 A10 D6 D6 D5 1258 A10 D6 D6 D6 1259 A10 D6 D6 D21 1260 A10 D6 D6 D32 1261 A10 D6 D6 D60 1262 A1 D1 D2 D1 1263 A1 D1 D3 D1 1264 A1 D1 D4 D1 1265 A1 D1 D5 D1 1266 A1 D1 D6 D1 1267 A1 D1 D21 D1 1268 A1 D1 D32 D1 1269 A1 D1 D60 D1 1270 A1 D2 D1 D2 1271 A1 D2 D3 D2 1272 A1 D2 D4 D2 1273 A1 D2 D5 D2 1274 A1 D2 D6 D2 1275 A1 D2 D21 D2 1276 A1 D2 D32 D2 1277 A1 D2 D60 D2 1278 A1 D3 D1 D3 1279 A1 D3 D2 D3 1280 A1 D3 D4 D3 1281 A1 D3 D5 D3 1282 A1 D3 D6 D3 1283 A1 D3 D21 D3 1284 A1 D3 D32 D3 1285 A1 D3 D60 D3 1286 A1 D4 D1 D4 1287 A1 D4 D2 D4 1288 A1 D4 D3 D4 1289 A1 D4 D5 D4 1290 A1 D4 D6 D4 1291 A1 D4 D21 D4 1292 A1 D4 D32 D4 1293 A1 D4 D60 D4 1294 A1 D5 D1 D5 1295 A1 D5 D2 D5 1296 A1 D5 D3 D5 1297 A1 D5 D4 D5 1298 A1 D5 D6 D5 1299 A1 D5 D21 D5 1300 A1 D5 D32 D5 1301 A1 D5 D60 D5 1302 A1 D6 D1 D6 1303 A1 D6 D2 D6 1304 A1 D6 D3 D6 1305 A1 D6 D4 D6 1306 A1 D6 D5 D6 1307 A1 D6 D21 D6 1308 A1 D6 D32 D6 1309 A1 D6 D60 D6 1310 A2 D1 D2 D1 1311 A2 D1 D3 D1 1312 A2 D1 D4 D1 1313 A2 D1 D5 D1 1314 A2 D1 D6 D1 1315 A2 D1 D21 D1 1316 A2 D1 D32 D1 1317 A2 D1 D60 D1 1318 A2 D2 D1 D2 1319 A2 D2 D3 D2 1320 A2 D2 D4 D2 1321 A2 D2 D5 D2 1322 A2 D2 D6 D2 1323 A2 D2 D21 D2 1324 A2 D2 D32 D2 1325 A2 D2 D60 D2 1326 A2 D3 D1 D3 1327 A2 D3 D2 D3 1328 A2 D3 D4 D3 1329 A2 D3 D5 D3 1330 A2 D3 D6 D3 1331 A2 D3 D21 D3 1332 A2 D3 D32 D3 1333 A2 D3 D60 D3 1334 A2 D4 D1 D4 1335 A2 D4 D2 D4 1336 A2 D4 D3 D4 1337 A2 D4 D5 D4 1338 A2 D4 D6 D4 1339 A2 D4 D21 D4 1340 A2 D4 D32 D4 1341 A2 D4 D60 D4 1342 A2 D5 D1 D5 1343 A2 D5 D2 D5 1344 A2 D5 D3 D5 1345 A2 D5 D4 D5 1346 A2 D5 D6 D5 1347 A2 D5 D21 D5 1348 A2 D5 D32 D5 1349 A2 D5 D60 D5 1350 A2 D6 D1 D6 1351 A2 D6 D2 D6 1352 A2 D6 D3 D6 1353 A2 D6 D4 D6 1354 A2 D6 D5 D6 1355 A2 D6 D21 D6 1356 A2 D6 D32 D6 1357 A2 D6 D60 D6 1358 A6 D1 D2 D1 1359 A6 D1 D3 D1 1360 A6 D1 D4 D1 1361 A6 D1 D5 D1 1362 A6 D1 D6 D1 1363 A6 D1 D21 D1 1364 A6 D1 D32 D1 1365 A6 D1 D60 D1 1366 A6 D2 D1 D2 1367 A6 D2 D3 D2 1368 A6 D2 D4 D2 1369 A6 D2 D5 D2 1370 A6 D2 D6 D2 1371 A6 D2 D21 D2 1372 A6 D2 D32 D2 1373 A6 D2 D60 D2 1374 A6 D3 D1 D3 1375 A6 D3 D2 D3 1376 A6 D3 D4 D3 1377 A6 D3 D5 D3 1378 A6 D3 D6 D3 1379 A6 D3 D21 D3 1380 A6 D3 D32 D3 1381 A6 D3 D60 D3 1382 A6 D4 D1 D4 1383 A6 D4 D2 D4 1384 A6 D4 D3 D4 1385 A6 D4 D5 D4 1386 A6 D4 D6 D4 1387 A6 D4 D21 D4 1388 A6 D4 D32 D4 1389 A6 D4 D60 D4 1390 A6 D5 D1 D5 1391 A6 D5 D2 D5 1392 A6 D5 D3 D5 1393 A6 D5 D4 D5 1394 A6 D5 D6 D5 1395 A6 D5 D21 D5 1396 A6 D5 D32 D5 1397 A6 D5 D60 D5 1398 A6 D6 D1 D6 1399 A6 D6 D2 D6 1400 A6 D6 D3 D6 1401 A6 D6 D4 D6 1402 A6 D6 D5 D6 1403 A6 D6 D21 D6 1404 A6 D6 D32 D6 1405 A6 D6 D60 D6 1406 A8 D1 D2 D1 1407 A8 D1 D3 D1 1408 A8 D1 D4 D1 1409 A8 D1 D5 D1 1410 A8 D1 D6 D1 1411 A8 D1 D21 D1 1412 A8 D1 D32 D1 1413 A8 D1 D60 D1 1414 A8 D2 D1 D2 1415 A8 D2 D3 D2 1416 A8 D2 D4 D2 1417 A8 D2 D5 D2 1418 A8 D2 D6 D2 1419 A8 D2 D21 D2 1420 A8 D2 D32 D2 1421 A8 D2 D60 D2 1422 A8 D3 D1 D3 1423 A8 D3 D2 D3 1424 A8 D3 D4 D3 1425 A8 D3 D5 D3 1426 A8 D3 D6 D3 1427 A8 D3 D21 D3 1428 A8 D3 D32 D3 1429 A8 D3 D60 D3 1430 A8 D4 D1 D4 1431 A8 D4 D2 D4 1432 A8 D4 D3 D4 1433 A8 D4 D5 D4 1434 A8 D4 D6 D4 1435 A8 D4 D21 D4 1436 A8 D4 D32 D4 1437 A8 D4 D60 D4 1438 A8 D5 D1 D5 1439 A8 D5 D2 D5 1440 A8 D5 D3 D5 1441 A8 D5 D4 D5 1442 A8 D5 D6 D5 1443 A8 D5 D21 D5 1444 A8 D5 D32 D5 1445 A8 D5 D60 D5 1446 A8 D6 D1 D6 1447 A8 D6 D2 D6 1448 A8 D6 D3 D6 1449 A8 D6 D4 D6 1450 A8 D6 D5 D6 1451 A8 D6 D21 D6 1452 A8 D6 D32 D6 1453 A8 D6 D60 D6 1454 A10 D1 D2 D1 1455 A10 D1 D3 D1 1456 A10 D1 D4 D1 1457 A10 D1 D5 D1 1458 A10 D1 D6 D1 1459 A10 D1 D21 D1 1460 A10 D1 D32 D1 1461 A10 D1 D60 D1 1462 A10 D2 D1 D2 1463 A10 D2 D3 D2 1464 A10 D2 D4 D2 1465 A10 D2 D5 D2 1466 A10 D2 D6 D2 1467 A10 D2 D21 D2 1468 A10 D2 D32 D2 1469 A10 D2 D60 D2 1470 A10 D3 D1 D3 1471 A10 D3 D2 D3 1472 A10 D3 D4 D3 1473 A10 D3 D5 D3 1474 A10 D3 D6 D3 1475 A10 D3 D21 D3 1476 A10 D3 D32 D3 1477 A10 D3 D60 D3 1478 A10 D4 D1 D4 1479 A10 D4 D2 D4 1480 A10 D4 D3 D4 1481 A10 D4 D5 D4 1482 A10 D4 D6 D4 1483 A10 D4 D21 D4 1484 A10 D4 D32 D4 1485 A10 D4 D60 D4 1486 A10 D5 D1 D5 1487 A10 D5 D2 D5 1488 A10 D5 D3 D5 1489 A10 D5 D4 D5 1490 A10 D5 D6 D5 1491 A10 D5 D21 D5 1492 A10 D5 D32 D5 1493 A10 D5 D60 D5 1494 A10 D6 D1 D6 1495 A10 D6 D2 D6 1496 A10 D6 D3 D6 1497 A10 D6 D4 D6 1498 A10 D6 D5 D6 1499 A10 D6 D6 D6 1500 A10 D6 D21 D6 1501 A10 D6 D32 D6 1502 A10 D6 D60 D6 1503 A1 D1 D2 D3 1504 A2 D1 D2 D3 1505 A6 D1 D2 D3 1506 A8 D1 D2 D3 1507 A10 D1 D2 D3 1508 A1 D2 D1 D3 1509 A2 D2 D1 D3 1510 A6 D2 D1 D3 1511 A8 D2 D1 D3 1512 A10 D2 D1 D3 1513 A1 D2 D3 D1 1514 A2 D2 D3 D1 1515 A6 D2 D3 D1 1516 A8 D2 D3 D1 1517 A10 D2 D3 D1

In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I) are substituted with at least one deuterium.

In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I) are light-emitting materials.

In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I) are compound capable of emitting delayed fluorescence.

In some embodiments, compounds of Formula (I) are light-emitting materials.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when excited via thermal or electronic means, the compounds of Formula (I) can produce light in UV region, the blue, green, yellow, orange, or red region of the visible spectrum (e.g., about 420 nm to about 500 nm, about 500 nm to about 600 nm, or about 600 nm to about 700 nm), or near-IR region.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when excited via thermal or electronic means, the compounds of Formula (I) can produce light in the red or orange region of the visible spectrum (e.g., about 620 nm to about 780 nm; about 650 nm).

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when excited via thermal or electronic means, the compounds of Formula (I) can produce light in the orange or yellow region of the visible spectrum (e.g., about 570 nm to about 620 nm; about 590 nm; about 570 nm).

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when excited via thermal or electronic means, the compounds of Formula (I) can produce light in the green region of the visible spectrum (e.g., about 490 nm to about 575 nm; about 510 nm).

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when excited via thermal or electronic means, the compounds of Formula (I) can produce light in the blue region of the visible spectrum (e.g., about 400 nm to about 490 nm; about 475 nm).

Electronic properties of a library of small chemical molecules can be computed using known ab initio quantum mechanical computations. For example, using a time-dependent density functional theory using, as a basis set, the set of functions known as 6-310* and a Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr hybrid functional to solve Hartree-Fork equations (TD−DFT/B3LYP/6−31G*), molecular fragments (moieties) can be screened which have HOMOs above a specific threshold and LUMOs below a specific threshold, and wherein the calculated triplet state of the Moieties is above 2.75 eV.

Therefore, for example, a donor moiety can be selected because it has a HOMO energy (e.g., an ionization potential) of greater than or equal to −6.5 eV. An acceptor moiety (“A”) can be selected because it has, for example, a LUMO energy (e.g., an electron affinity) of less than or equal to −0.5 eV, The bridge moiety (“B”) can be a rigid conjugated system that can, for example, sterically restrict the acceptor and donor moieties into a specific configuration, thereby preventing the overlap between the conjugated π system of donor and acceptor moieties.

In some embodiments, the compound library is filtered using one or more of the following properties:

-   -   1. emission near a certain wavelength;     -   2. calculated triplet state above a certain energy level;     -   3. AEsT value below a certain value;     -   4. quantum yield above a certain value;     -   5. HOMO level; and     -   6. LUMO level.

In some embodiments, the difference between the lowest singlet excited state and the lowest triplet excited state at 77K (ΔE_(ST)) is less than about 0.5 eV, less than about 0.4 eV, less than about 0.3 eV, less than about 0.2 eV, or less than about 0.1 eV. In some embodiments, the ΔE_(ST) value is less than about 0.09 eV, less than about 0.08 eV, less than about 0.07 eV, less than about 0.06 eV, less than about 0.05 eV, less than about 0.04 eV, less than about 0.03 eV, less than about 0.02 eV, or less than about 0.01 eV.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) exhibits a quantum yield of greater than 25%, such as about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, or greater.

Compositions With the Disclosed Compounds

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (1) is combined with, dispersed within, covalently bonded to, coated with, formed on, or otherwise associated with, one or more materials (e.g., small molecules, polymers, metals, metal complexes, etc) to form a film or layer in solid state. For example, the compound of Formula (I) may be combined with an electroactive material to form a film. In some cases, the compound of Formula (I) may be combined with a hole-transport polymer. In some cases, the compound of Formula (I) may be combined with an electron-transport polymer. In some cases, the compound of Formula (I) may be combined with a hole-transport polymer and an electron-transport polymer. In some cases, the compound of Formula (I) may be combined with a copolymer comprising both hole-transport portions and electron-transport portions. In such embodiments, electrons and/or holes formed within the solid film or layer may interact with the compound of Formula (I).

Film Formation

In some embodiments, a film containing a compound of the present invention of Formula (I) can be formed in a wet process. In a wet process, a solution prepared by dissolving a composition containing a compound of the present invention is applied to a surface and formed into a film thereon after solvent removal. A wet process includes, though not limited thereto, a spin coating method, a slit coating method, a spraying method, an inkjet method (a spay method), a gravure printing method, an offset printing method, and a flexographic printing method. In a wet process, a suitable organic solvent capable of dissolving a composition containing a compound of the present invention is selected and used. In some embodiments, a substituent (for example, an alkyl group) capable of increasing solubility in an organic solvent can be introduced into the compound contained in the composition.

In some embodiments, a film containing a compound of the present invention can be formed in a dry process. In some embodiments, a dry process includes a vacuum evaporation method, hut is not limited thereto. In the case of employing a vacuum evaporation method, compounds to constitute a film can be vapor-co-deposited from individual evaporation sources, or can be vapor-co-deposited from a single evaporation source of a mixture of the compounds. In the case of using a single evaporation source, a mixed powder prepared by mixing powders of compounds may be used, or a compression-molded body prepared by compressing the mixed powder may be used, or a mixture prepared by heating, inciting and cooling compounds may be used. In some embodiments where vapor-co-deposition is carried out under such a condition that the evaporation rate (weight reduction rate) of the plural compounds contained in a single evaporation source is the same or is nearly the same as each other, a film whose composition ratio corresponds to the composition ratio of the plural compounds contained in the evaporation source can be formed. Under the condition where plural compounds are mixed to make an evaporation source in a composition ratio that is the same as the composition ratio of the film to be formed, a film having a desired composition ratio can be formed in a simplified manner. In some embodiments where a temperature at which the compounds to be vapor-co-deposited could have the same weight reduction ratio is identified, and the temperature can be employed as the temperature in vapor-co-deposition.

Exemplary Uses of the Disclosed Compounds Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

One aspect of the invention relates to use of the compound of Formula (I) of the invention as a light-emitting material of an organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the compound represented by Formula (I) of the invention may be effectively used as a light-emitting material in a light-emitting layer of an organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) comprises a delayed fluorescent material emitting delayed fluorescent light (delayed fluorescence emitter). In some embodiments, the invention provides a delayed fluorescence emitter having the structure of Formula (I). In some embodiments, the invention relates to the use of the compound of Formula (I) as the delayed fluorescence emitter, In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) can be used as a host material and used with one or more light-emitting materials, and the light-emitting material can be a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material or a TADF material, In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) can be used as an assistant dopant and used with one or more light-emitting materials and one or more host materials, and the light-emitting material can be a fluorescent material, a phosphorescent material or a TADF material. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) can be used as a hole transport material. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) can be used as an electron transport material. In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method for emitting delayed fluorescent light from the compound of Formula (I). In some embodiments, an organic light-emitting device comprising the compound as a light-emitting material, emits delayed fluorescent light, and has a high light emission efficiency.

In some embodiments, a light-emitting layer comprises a compound of Formula (I), wherein the compound of Formula (I) is oriented parallel to the substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate is a film forming surface. In some embodiments, the orientation of the compound of Formula (I) with respect to the film forming surface influences or determines the propagation directions of the light emitted by the compound to be aligned. In some embodiments, the alignment of the propagation directions of the light emitted by the compound of Formula (1) enhances the light extraction efficiency from the light-emitting layer.

One aspect of the invention relates to an organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting device comprises a light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer comprises a compound of Formula (I) as a light-emitting material. In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting device is an organic photoluminescent device (organic PL device). In some embodiments, the organic light-emitting device is an organic electroluminescent device (organic EL device), In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) assists the light emission of another light-emitting material comprised in the light-emitting layer, i.e., as a so-called assistant dopant. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (I) comprised in the light-emitting layer is in its the lowest excited singlet energy level, which is comprised between the lowest excited singlet energy level of the host material comprised in the light-emitting layer and the lowest excited singlet energy level of the another light-emitting material comprised in the light-emitting layer.

In some embodiments, the organic photoluminescent device comprises at least one light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the organic electroluminescent device comprises at least an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between the anode and the cathode. In some embodiments, the organic layer comprises at least a light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the organic layer comprises only a light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the organic layer, comprises one or more organic layers in addition to the light-emitting layer. Examples of the organic layer include a hole transporting layer, a hole injection layer, an electron barrier layer, a hole barrier layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transporting layer and an excitor barrier layer. In some embodiments, the hole transporting layer may be a hole injection and transporting layer having a hole injection function, and the electron transporting layer may be an electron injection and transporting layer having an electron injection function. An example of an organic electroluminescent device is shown in FIG. 1.

Substrate

In some embodiments, the organic electroluminescent device of the invention is supported by a substrate, wherein the substrate is not particularly limited and may be any of those that have been commonly used in an organic electroluminescent device, for example those formed of glass, transparent plastics, quartz and silicon.

Anode

In some embodiments, the anode of the organic electroluminescent device is made of a metal, an alloy, an electroconductive compound, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the metal, alloy, or electroconductive compound has a large work function (4 eV or more). In some embodiments, the metal is Au. In some embodiments, the electroconductive transparent material is selected from CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO₂, and ZnO. In some embodiments, an amorphous material capable of forming a transparent electroconductive film, such as IDIXO (In₂O₃—ZnO), is be used. In some embodiments, the anode is a thin film. In same embodiments the thin film is made by vapor deposition or sputtering. In some embodiments, the film is patterned by a photolithography method. In some embodiments, where the pattern may not require high accuracy (for example, approximately 100 μm or more), the pattern may be formed with a mask having a desired shape on vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. In some embodiments, when a material can be applied as a coating, such as an organic electroconductive compound, a wet film forming method, such as a printing method and a coating method is used. In some embodiments, when the emitted light goes through the anode, the anode has a transmittance of more than 10%, and the anode has a sheet resistance of several hundred Ohm per square or less. In some embodiments, the thickness of the anode is from 10 to 1,000 nm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the anode is from 10 to 200 nm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the anode varies depending on the material used.

Cathode

In some embodiments, the cathode is made of an electrode material a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as an electron injection metal), an alloy, an electroconductive compound, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the electrode material is selected from sodium, a sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, a magnesium-cupper mixture, a magnesium-silver mixture, a magnesium-aluminum mixture, a magnesium-indium mixture, an aluminum-aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) mixture, indium, a lithium-aluminum mixture, and a rare earth metal. In some embodiments, a mixture of an electron injection metal and a second metal that is a stable metal having a larger work function than the electron injection metal is used. In some embodiments, the mixture is selected from a magnesium-silver mixture, a magnesium-aluminum mixture, a magnesium-indium mixture, an aluminum-aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) mixture, a lithium-aluminum mixture, and aluminium. In sonic embodiments, the mixture increases the electron injection property and the durability against oxidation. In some embodiments, the cathode is produced by forming the electrode material into a thin film by vapor deposition or sputtering. In sonic embodiments, the cathode has a sheet resistance of several hundred Ohm per square or less. In some embodiments, the thickness of the cathode ranges from 10 nm to 5 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the cathode ranges from 50 to 200 nm. In some embodiments, for transmitting the emitted light, any one of the anode and the cathode of the organic electroluminescent device is transparent or translucent. In some embodiments, the transparent or translucent electroluminescent devices enhances the light emission luminance.

In some embodiments, the cathode is formed with an electroconductive transparent material, as described for the anode, to form a transparent or translucent cathode. In some embodiments, a device comprises an anode and a cathode, both being transparent or translucent.

Light-emitting Layer

In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer is a layer, in which holes and electrons, injected respectively from the anode and the cathode, are recombined to form excitons. In some embodiments the layer emits light.

In some embodiments, a light-emitting material is solely used as the light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer contains a light-emitting material, and a host material. In some embodiments, the light-emitting material is one or more compounds of Formula (I). In some embodiments, for the organic electroluminescent device and the organic photoluminescent device to exhibit a high light emission efficiency, the singlet excitons and the triplet excitons generated in the light-emitting material are confined in the light-emitting material. In some embodiments, a host material is used in addition to the light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the host material is an organic compound. In some embodiments, the organic compounds have excited singlet energy and excited triplet energy, at least one of which is higher than those of the light-emitting material of the invention. In some embodiments, the singlet excitons and the triplet excitons generated in the light-emitting material of the invention are confined in the molecules of the light-emitting material of the invention. In some embodiments, the singlet and triplet excitons are sufficiently confined to elicit the light emission efficiency. In some embodiments, the singlet excitons and the triplet excitons are not confined sufficiently, though a high light emission efficiency is still obtained, and thus a host material capable of achieving a high light emission efficiency can be used in the invention without any particular limitation. In some embodiments, the light emission occurs in the light-emitting material of the light-emitting layer in the devices of the invention. In some embodiments, the emitted light contains both fluorescent light and delayed fluorescent light. In some embodiments, the emitted light comprises emitted light from the host material. In some embodiments, the emitted light consists of emitted light from the host material, In some embodiments, the emitted light comprises emitted light from a compound of Formula (I), and emitted light from the host material. In some embodiments, a TADF molecule and a host material are used. In some embodiments, the TADF will be assistant dopant.

In some embodiments, when a host material is used, the amount of the compound of the invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 0.1% by weight or more. In some embodiments, when a host material is used, the amount of the compound of the invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 1% by weight or more. In sonic embodiments, when a host material is used, the amount of the compound of the invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 50% by weight or less. In some embodiments, when a host material is used, the amount of the compound of the invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 20% by weight or less, In some embodiments, when a host material is used, the amount of the compound of the invention as the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer is 10% by weight or less.

In some embodiments, the host material in the light-emitting layer is an organic compound comprising a hole transporting function and an electron transporting function. In some embodiments, the host material in the light-emitting layer is an organic compound that prevents the emitted light from being increased in wavelength. In some embodiments, the host material in the light-emitting layer is an organic compound with a high glass transition temperature.

In some embodiments, a light-emitting layer contains two or more types of TADF molecules differing in the structure. For example, a light-emitting layer may contain three types of materials of a host material, a first TADF molecule and a second TADF molecule whose excited singlet energy level is higher in that order. In that case, preferably, the first TADF molecule and the second TADF molecule are both such that the difference between the lowest excited singlet energy level and the lowest excited triplet energy level at 77 K, ΔE_(ST), is 0.3 eV or less, more preferably 0.25 eV or less, even more preferably 0.2 eV or less, still more preferably 0.15 eV or less, still further more preferably 0.1 eV or less, still further more preferably 0.07 eV or less, still further more preferably 0.05 eV or less, still further more preferably 0.03 eV or less, and especially further more preferably 0.01 eV or less. Preferably, the content of the first TADF molecule in the light-emitting layer is larger than the content of the second TADF molecule therein. Also preferably, the content of the host material in the light-emitting layer is larger than the content of the second TADF molecule therein. The content of the first TADF molecule in the light-emitting layer may be larger than, or may be smaller than, or may be the same as the content of the host material therein. In some embodiments, the composition in the light-emitting layer may be such that the host material is 10 to 70% by weight, the first TADF molecule is 10 to 80% by weight, and the second TADF molecule is 0.1 to 30% by weight. In some embodiments, the composition in the light-emitting layer may be such that the host material is 20 to 45% by weight, the first TADF molecule is 50 to 75% by weight, and the second TADF molecule is 5 to 20% by weight, In some embodiments, the luminescence quantum yield by photoexcitation, oPL1(A), of a vapor-co-deposited film of a first TADF molecule and a host material (the content of the first TADF molecule in the vapor-co-deposited film=A% by weight), and the luminescence quantum yield by photoexcitation, ϕPL2(A), of a vapor-co-deposited film of a second TADF molecule and a host material (the content of the second TADF molecule in the vapor-co-deposited film=A% by weight) satisfy a relational expression ϕPL1(A)>ϕPL2(A). In some embodiments, the luminescence quantum yield by photoexcitation, ϕPL2(B), of a vapor-co-deposited film of a second TADF molecule and a host material (the content of the second TADF molecule in the vapor-co-deposited film=B% by weight), and the luminescence quantum yield by photoexcitation, ϕPL2(100), of a neat film of a second TADF molecule satisfy a relational expression ϕPL2(B)>ϕPL2(100). In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer may contain three types of TADF molecules differing in the structure. The compound of the present invention may be any of plural TADF compounds contained in the light-emitting layer.

In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer may be composed of a material selected from the group consisting of a host material, an assistant dopant and a light-emitting material. In sonic embodiments, the light-emitting layer does not contain a metal element. In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer may be formed of a material composed of atoms alone selected from the group consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom. Alternatively, the light-emitting layer may be formed of a material composed of atoms alone selected from the group consisting of a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and a nitrogen atom.

When the light-emitting layer contains any other TADF material than the compound of the present invention, the TADF material may be a known delayed fluorescent material. Preferred delayed fluorescent materials include compounds included in general formulae described in WO2013/154064, paragraphs 0008 to 0048 and 0095 to 0133; WO2013/011954, paragraphs 0007 to 0047 and 0073 to 0085; WO2013/011955, paragraphs 0007 to 0033 and 0059 to 0066; WO2013/081088, paragraphs 0008 to 0071 and 0118 to 0133; JP 2013-256490A, paragraphs 0009 to 0046 and 0093 to 0134; JP 2013-116975A, paragraphs 0008 to 0020 and 0038 to 0040; WO2013/133359, paragraphs 0007 to 0032 and 0079 to 0084; WO2013/161437, paragraphs 0008 to 0054 and 0101 to 0121; JP 2014-9352A, paragraphs 0007 to 0041 and 0060 to 0069; JP 2014-9224A, paragraph 0008 to 0048 and 0067 to 0076; JP 2017-119663A, paragraphs 0013 to 0025; JP 2017-119664A, paragraphs 0013 to 0026; JP 2017-222623A, paragraphs 0012 to 0025; JP 2017-226838A, paragraphs 0010 to 0050; JP 2018-100411A, paragraphs 0012 to 0043; WO2018/047853, paragraphs 0016 to 0044; and especially exemplified compounds therein capable of emitting delayed fluorescence. Also, light-emitting materials described in JP 2013-253121A, WO2013/133359, WO2014/034535, WO2014/115743, WO2014/122895, WO2014/126200, WO2014/136758, WO2014/133121, WO2014/136860, WO2014/196585, WO2014/189122, WO2014/168101, WO2015/008580, WO2014/203840, WO2015/002213, WO2015/016200, WO2015/019725, WO2015/072470, WO2015/108049, WO2015/080182, WO2015/072537, WO2015/080183, JP 2015-129240A, WO2015/129714, WO2015/129715, WO2015/133501, WO2015/136880, WO2015/137244, WO2015/137202, WO2015/137136, WO2015/146541 and WO2015/159541, and capable of emitting delayed fluorescence may preferably be employed here. The patent publications described in this paragraph are herein incorporated by reference as a part of the present disclosure.

Injection Layer

An injection layer is a layer between the electrode and the organic layer. In some embodiments, the injection layer decreases the driving voltage and enhances the light emission luminance. In some embodiments the injection layer includes a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer. The injection layer can be positioned between the anode and the light-emitting layer or the hole transporting layer, and between the cathode and the light-emitting layer or the electron transporting layer. In sonic embodiments, an injection layer is present. In some embodiments, no injection layer is present.

Barrier Layer

A barrier layer is a layer capable of inhibiting charges (electrons or holes) and/or excitons present in the light-emitting layer from being diffused outside the light-emitting layer. In sonic embodiments, the electron barrier layer is between the light-emitting layer and the hole transporting layer and inhibits electrons from passing through the light-emitting layer toward the hole transporting layer. In some embodiments, the hole barrier layer is between the light-emitting layer and the electron transporting layer and inhibits holes from passing through the light-emitting layer toward the electron transporting layer.

In some embodiments, the barrier layer inhibits excitons from being diffused outside the light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the electron barrier layer and the hole barrier layer are exciton barrier layers. As used herein, the term “electron barrier layer” or “exciton harrier layer” includes a layer that has the functions of both electron barrier layer and of an exciton barrier layer.

Hole Barrier Layer

A hole barrier layer acts as an electron transporting layer. In some embodiments, the hole barrier layer inhibits holes from reaching the electron transporting layer while transporting electrons. In some embodiments, the hole barrier layer enhances the recombination probability of electrons and holes in the light-emitting layer. The material for the hole harrier layer may be the same materials as the ones described for the electron transporting layer.

Electron Barrier Layer

As electron barrier layer transports holes. In sonic embodiments, the electron barrier layer inhibits electrons from reaching the hole transporting layer while transporting holes. In some embodiments, the electron barrier layer enhances the recombination probability of electrons and holes in the light-emitting layer.

Electron Barrier Layer

An exciton barrier layer inhibits excitons generated through recombination of holes and electrons in the light-emitting layer from being diffused to the charge transporting layer. In some embodiments, the exciton barrier layer enables effective confinement of excitons in the light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the light emission efficiency of the device is enhanced. In some embodiments, the exciton barrier layer is adjacent to the light-emitting layer on any of the side of the anode and the side of the cathode, and on both the sides. In some embodiments, where the exciton barrier layer is on the side of the anode, the layer can be between the hole transporting layer and the light-emitting layer and adjacent to the light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, where the exciton barrier layer is on the side of the cathode, the layer can be between the light-emitting layer and the cathode and adjacent to the light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, a hole injection layer, an electron barrier layer, or a similar layer is between the anode and the exciton barrier layer that is adjacent to the light-emitting layer on the side of the anode. In some embodiments, a hole injection layer, an electron barrier layer, a hole barrier layer, or a similar layer is between the cathode and the exciton harrier layer that is adjacent to the light-emitting layer on the side of the cathode. In some embodiments, the exciton barrier layer comprises excited singlet energy and excited triplet energy, at least one of which is higher than the excited singlet energy and the excited triplet energy of the light-emitting material, respectively.

Hole Transporting Layer

The hole transporting layer comprises a hole transporting material. In some embodiments, the hole transporting layer is a single layer. In some embodiments, the hole transporting layer comprises a plurality of layers.

In some embodiments, the hole transporting material has one of injection or transporting property of holes and barrier property of electrons. In some embodiments, the hole transporting material is an organic material. In some embodiments, the hole transporting material is an inorganic material. Examples of known hole transporting materials that may be used herein include but are not limited to a triazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, an imidazole derivative, a carbazole derivative, an indolocarbazole derivative, a polyarylalkane derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, a pyrazolone derivative, a phenylenediamine derivative, an arylamine derivative, an amino-substituted chalcone derivative, an oxazole derivative, a styrylantbracene derivative, a fluorenone derivative, a hydrazone derivative, a stilbene derivative, a silazane derivative, an aniline copolymer and an electroconductive polymer oligomer, particularly a thiophene oligomer, or a combination thereof In some embodiments, the hole transporting material is selected from a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound, and a styrylamine compound. In some embodiments, the hole transporting material is an aromatic tertiary amine compound.

Electron-Transporting Layer

The electron-transporting layer comprises an electron transporting material. In some embodiments, the electron-transporting layer is a single layer. In some embodiments, the electron-transporting layer comprises a plurality of layer.

In some embodiments, the electron transporting material needs only to have a function of transporting electrons, which are injected from the cathode, to the light-emitting layer. In some embodiments, the electron transporting material also function as a hole barrier material. Examples of the electron transporting layer that may be used herein include but are not limited to a nitro-substituted fluorene derivative, a diphenylquinone derivative, a thiopyran dioxide derivative, carbodiimide, a fluorenylidene methane derivative, anthraquinodimethane, an anthrone derivatives, an oxadiazole derivative, an azole derivative, an azine derivative, or a combination thereof, or a polymer thereof. In sonic embodiments, the electron transporting material is a thiadiazole derivative, or a quinoxaline derivative. In some embodiments, the electron transporting material is a polymer material.

In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is comprised in the light-emitting layer of a device of the invention. In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) is comprised in the light-emitting layer and at least one other layers. In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) are independently selected for each layer. In sonic embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) are the same. In sonic embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) are different. For example, the compound represented by Formula (I) may be used in the injection layer, the barrier layer, the hole barrier layer, the electron barrier layer, the excitors harrier layer, the hole transporting layer, the electron transporting layer and the like described above. The film forming method of the layers are not particularly limited, and the layers may be produced by any of a dry process and a wet process.

Specific examples of materials that can be used in the organic electroluminescant device are shown below, but the materials that may be used in the invention are not construed as being limited to the example compounds. In some embodiments, a material having a particular function can also have another function.

In some embodiments, the host material is selected from the group consisting of:

Devices

In some embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure are incorporated into a device, For example, the device includes, but is not limited to an OLED bulb, an OLED lamp, a television screen, a computer monitor, a mobile phone, and a tablet.

In some embodiments, an electronic device comprises an LED comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises :

-   -   a host material; and     -   a compound of Formula (I).

In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer of the OLED further comprises a fluorescent material wherein the compound of Formula (I) converts triplets to singlets for the fluorescent emitter.

In some embodiments, compositions described herein may be incorporated into various light-sensitive or light-activated devices, such as OLEDs or photovoltaic devices. In some embodiments, the composition may be useful in facilitating charge transfer or enemy transfer within a device and/or as a hole-transport material. The device may be, for example, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), an organic integrated circuit (O-IC), an organic field-effect transistor (O-FET), an organic thin-film transistor (O-TFT), an organic light-emitting transistor (O-LET), an organic solar cell (O-SC), an organic optical detector, an organic photoreceptor, an organic field-quench device (O-FCBD), a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) or an organic laser diode (O-laser).

Bulbs or Lamps

In some embodiments, an electronic device comprises: an OLED comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer; and an OLED driver circuit, the organic layer comprising a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises:

-   -   a host material; and     -   a compound of Formula (I),     -   wherein the compound of Formula (I) is a light emitting         material.

In some embodiments, a device comprises OLEDs that differ in color. In some embodiments, a device comprises an array comprising a combination of OLEDs. In some embodiments, the combination of OLEDs is a combination of three colors (e.g., RGB). In some embodiments, the combination of OLEDs is a combination of colors that are not red, green, or blue (for example_(;) orange and yellow green). In some embodiments, the combination of OLEDs is a combination of two, four, or more colors.

In some embodiments, a device is an OLED light comprising:

a circuit board having a first side with a mounting surface and an opposing second side, and defining at least one aperture;

at least one OLED on the mounting surface, the at least one OLED configured to emanate light, comprising:

-   -   an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising a         light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein         the light-emitting layer comprises     -   a host material; and     -   a compound of Formula (I);     -   wherein the compound of Formula (is a light emitting material;

a housing for the circuit board; and

at least one connector arranged at an end of the housing, the housing and the connector defining a package adapted for installation in a light fixture.

in some embodiments, the OLED light comprises a plurality of OLEDs mounted on a circuit board such that light emanates in a plurality of directions. In some embodiments, a portion of the light emanated in a first direction is deflected to emanate in a second direction. In some embodiments, a reflector is used to deflect the light emanated in a first direction.

Displays or Screens

In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) can be used in a screen or a. display. In some embodiments, the compounds of Formula (I) are deposited onto a substrate using a process including, but not limited to, vacuum evaporation, deposition, vapor deposition, or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In some embodiments, the substrate is a photoplate structure useful in a two-sided etch provides a unique aspect ratio pixel. The screen (which may also be referred to as a mask) is used in a process in the manufacturing of OLED displays. The corresponding artwork pattern design facilitates a very steep and narrow tie-bar between the pixels in the vertical direction and a large, sweeping bevel opening in the horizontal direction. This allows the close patterning of pixels needed for high definition displays while optimizing the chemical deposition onto a TFT backplane.

The internal patterning of the pixel allows the construction of a 3-dimensional pixel. opening with varying aspect ratios in the horizontal and vertical directions. Additionally, the use of imaged “stripes” or halftone circles within the pixel area inhibits etching in specific areas until these specific patterns are undercut and fall off the substrate. At that point the entire pixel area is subjected to a similar etch rate, but the depths are varying depending on the halftone pattern. Varying the size and spacing of the halftone pattern allows etching to be inhibited at different rates within the pixel allowing for a localized deeper etch needed to create steep vertical bevels.

A preferred material for the deposition mask is invar. Invar is a metal alloy that is cold rolled into long thin sheet in a steel mill. Invar cannot be electrodeposited onto a rotating mandrel as the nickel mask. A preferred and more cost feasible method for forming the open areas in the mask used for deposition is through a wet chemical etching.

In some embodiments, a screen or display pattern is a pixel matrix on a substrate. In some embodiments, a screen or display pattern is fabricated using lithography (e.g., photolithography and e-beam lithography). In some embodiments, a screen or display pattern is fabricated using a wet chemical etch. In further embodiments, a screen or display pattern is fabricated using plasma etching.

Methods of Manufacturing Devices Using the Disclosed Compounds

An OLED display is generally manufactured by forming a large mother panel and then cutting the mother panel in units of cell panels. In general, each of the cell panels on the mother panel is formed by forming a thin film transistor (TFT) including an active layer and a source/drain electrode on a base substrate, applying a planarization film to the TFT, and sequentially forming a pixel electrode, a light-emitting layer, a counter electrode, and an encapsulation layer, and then is cut from the mother panel.

An OLED display is generally manufactured by forming a large mother panel and then cutting the mother panel in units of cell panels. In general, each of the cell panels on the mother panel is formed by forming a thin film transistor (TFT) including an active layer and a source/drain electrode on a base substrate, applying a planarization film to the TFT, and sequentially forming a pixel electrode, a light-emitting layer, a counter electrode, and an encapsulation layer, and then is cut from the mother panel.

In another aspect, provided herein is a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, the method comprising: for a barrier layer on a base substrate of a mother panel;

forming a plurality of display units in units of cell panels on the barrier layer;

forming an encapsulation layer on each of the display units of the cell panels; and

applying an organic film to an interface portion between the cell panels.

In some embodiments, the barrier layer is an inorganic film formed of, for example, SiNx, and an edge portion of the barrier layer is covered with an organic film formed of polyimide or acryl. In some embodiments, the organic film helps the mother panel to be softly cut in units of the cell panel.

In some embodiments, the thin film transistor (TFT) layer includes a light-emitting layer, a gate electrode, and a source/drain electrode, Each of the plurality of display units may include a thin film transistor (ITT) layer, a planarization film formed on the TFT layer, and a light-emitting unit formed on the planarization film, wherein the organic film applied to the interface portion is formed of a same material as a material of the planarization film and is formed at a same time as the planarization film is formed. In some embodiments, a light-emitting unit is connected to the TFT layer with a passivation layer and a planarization film therebetween and an encapsulation layer that covers and protects the light-emitting unit. In some embodiments of the method of manufacturing, the organic film contacts neither the display units nor the encapsulation layer.

Each of the organic film and the planarization film may include any one of polyimide and acryl. In some embodiments, the barrier layer may be an inorganic film. In some embodiments, the base substrate may be formed of polyimide. The method may further include, before the forming of the barrier layer on one surface of the base substrate formed of polyimide, attaching a carrier substrate formed of a glass material to another surface of the base substrate, and before the cutting along the interface portion, separating the carrier substrate from the base substrate. In some embodiments, the OLED display is a flexible display.

In some embodiments, the passivation layer is an organic film disposed on the TFT layer to cover the TFT layer. In some embodiments, the planarization film is an organic film formed on the passivation layer. In some embodiments, the planarization film is formed of polyimide or acryl, like the organic film formed on the edge portion of the barrier layer. In some embodiments, the planarization film and the organic film are simultaneously formed when the OLED display is manufactured. In some embodiments, the organic film may be formed on the edge portion of the barrier layer such that a portion of the organic film directly contacts the base substrate and a remaining portion of the organic film contacts the barrier layer while surrounding the edge portion of the barrier layer.

In some embodiments, the light-emitting layer includes a pixel electrode, a counter electrode, and an organic light-emitting layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode. In some embodiments, the pixel electrode is connected to the source/drain electrode of the TFT layer.

In some embodiments, when a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode through the TFT layer, an appropriate voltage is formed between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode, and thus the organic light-emitting layer emits light, thereby forming an image. Hereinafter, an image forming unit including the TFT layer and the light-emitting unit is referred to as a display unit.

In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer that covers the display unit and prevents penetration of external moisture may be formed to have a thin film encapsulation structure in which an organic film and an inorganic film are alternately stacked. In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer has a thin film encapsulation structure in which a plurality of thin films are stacked. In some embodiments, the organic film applied to the interface portion is spaced apart from each of the plurality of display units. In some embodiments, the organic film is formed such that a portion of the organic film directly contacts the base substrate and a remaining portion of the organic film contacts the barrier layer while surrounding an edge portion of the barrier layer.

In one embodiment, the OLED display is flexible and uses the soft base substrate formed of polyimide. In some embodiments, the base substrate is formed on a carrier substrate formed of a glass material, and then the carrier substrate is separated.

In some embodiments, the barrier layer is formed on a surface of the base substrate opposite to the carrier substrate. In one embodiment, the barrier layer is patterned according to a size of each of the cell panels. For example, while the base substrate is formed over the entire surface of a mother panel, the barrier layer is formed according to a size of each of the cell panels, and thus a groove is formed at an interface portion between the barrier layers of the cell panels. Each of the cell panels can be cut along the groove.

In some embodiments, the method of manufacture further comprises cutting along the interface portion, wherein a groove is formed in the harrier layer, wherein at least a portion of the organic film is formed in the groove, and wherein the groove does not penetrate into the base substrate, In some embodiments, the TFT layer of each of the cell panels is formed, and the passivation layer which is an inorganic film and the planarization film which is an organic film are disposed on the TFT layer to cover the TFT layer. At the same time as the planarization film formed of, for example, polyimide or acryl is formed, the groove at the interface portion is covered with the organic film formed of, for example, polyimide or acryl. This is to prevent cracks from occurring by allowing the organic film. to absorb an impact generated when each of the cell panels is cut along the groove at the interface portion. That is, if the entire barrier layer is entirely exposed without the organic film, an impact generated when each of the cell panels is cut along the groove at the interface portion is transferred to the barrier layer, thereby increasing the risk of cracks, However, in one embodiment, since the groove at the interface portion between the barrier layers is covered with the organic film and the organic film absorbs an impact that would otherwise be transferred to the barrier layer, each of the cell panels may be softly cut and cracks may be prevented from occurring in the barrier layer. In one embodiment, the organic film covering the groove at the interface portion and the planarization film are spaced apart from each other. For example, if the organic film and the planarization film are connected to each other as one layer, since external moisture may penetrate into the display unit through the planarization film and a portion where the organic film remains, the organic film and the planarization film are spaced apart from each other such that the organic film is spaced apart from the display unit.

In some embodiments, the display unit is formed by forming the light-emitting unit, and the encapsulation layer is disposed on the display unit to cover the display unit, As such, once the mother panel is completely manufactured, the carrier substrate that supports the base substrate is separated from the base substrate. In some embodiments, when a laser beam is emitted toward the carrier substrate, the carrier substrate is separated from the base substrate due to a difference in a thermal expansion coefficient between the carrier substrate and the base substrate.

In some embodiments, the mother panel is cut in units of the cell panels. In some embodiments, the mother panel is cut along an interface portion between the cell panels by using a cutter. In some embodiments, since the groove at the interface portion along which the mother panel is cut is covered with the organic film, the organic film absorbs an impact during the cutting. In some embodiments, cracks may be prevented from occurring in the barrier layer during the cutting.

In some embodiments, the methods reduce a defect rate of a product and stabilize its quality.

Another aspect is an OLED display including: a barrier layer that is formed on a base substrate; a display unit that is formed on the barrier layer; an encapsulation layer that is formed on the display unit; and an organic film that is applied to an edge portion of the barrier layer.

All of the documents cited in this specification are expressly incorporated by reference, in its entirety, into the present application.

EXAMPLES

An embodiment of the present disclosure provides the preparation of compounds of Formula (I) according to the procedures of the following examples, using appropriate materials. Those skilled in the art will understand that known variations of the conditions and processes of the following preparative procedures can be used to prepare these compounds. Moreover, by utilizing the procedures described in detail, one of ordinary skill in the art can prepare additional compounds of the present disclosure.

General Information on Analytical Methods

The features of the invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples below. The materials, processes, procedures and the like shown below may he appropriately modified unless they deviate from the substance of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not construed as being limited to the specific examples shown below. The characteristics of samples were evaluated by using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 500 MHz, produced by Bruker), LC/MS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry, produced by Waters), AC3 (produced by RIKEN KEIKI), High-performance UV/Vis/NIR Spectrophotometer (Lambda 950, produced by PerkinElmer, Co., Ltd.), Fluorescence Spectrophotometer (FluoroMax-4, produced by Horiba, Ltd.), Photonic multichannel analyzer (PMA-12 C10027-01, produced by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.), Absolute PL Quantum Yield Measurement System (C11347, produced by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.), Automatic Current voltage brightness measurement system (ETS-170, produced by System engineers co ltd), Life Time Measurement System (EAS-26C, produced by System engineers co ltd), and Streak Camera (Model C4334, produced by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.).

Example 1

The principle of the features may be described as follows for an organic electroluminescent device as an example.

In an organic electroluminescent device, carriers are injected from an anode and a cathode to a light-emitting material to form an excited state for the light-emitting material, with which light is emitted in the case of a carrier injection type organic electroluminescent device, in general, excitons that are excited to the excited singlet state are 25% of the total excitons generated, and the remaining 75% thereof are excited to the excited triplet state. Accordingly, the use of phosphorescence, which is light emission from the excited triplet state, provides a high energy utilization. However, the excited triplet state has a long lifetime and thus causes saturation of the excited state and deactivation of energy through mutual action with the excitons in the excited triplet state, and therefore the quantum yield of phosphorescence may generally be often not high. A delayed fluorescent material emits fluorescent light through the mechanism that the energy of excitons transits to the excited triplet state through intersystem crossing or the like, and then transits to the excited singlet state through reverse intersystem crossing due to triplet-triplet annihilation or absorption of thermal energy, thereby emitting fluorescent light. It is considered that among the materials, a thermal activation type delayed fluorescent material emitting light through absorption of thermal energy is particularly useful for an organic electroluminescent device. In the case where a delayed fluorescent material is used in an organic electroluminescent device, the excitons in the excited singlet state normally emit fluorescent light. On the other hand, the excitons in the excited triplet state emit fluorescent light through intersystem crossing to the excited singlet state by absorbing the heat generated by the device. At this time, the light emitted through reverse intersystem crossing from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state has the same wavelength. as fluorescent light since it is light emission from the excited singlet state, but has a longer lifetime (light emission lifetime) than the normal fluorescent light and phosphorescent light, and thus the light is observed as fluorescent light that is delayed from the normal fluorescent light and phosphorescent light. The light may be defined as delayed fluorescent light. The use of the thermal activation type exciton transition mechanism may raise the proportion of the compound in the excited singlet state, which is generally formed in a proportion only of 25%, to 25% or more through the absorption of the thermal energy after the carrier injection. A compound that emits strong fluorescent light and delayed fluorescent light at a low temperature of lower than 100° C. undergoes the intersystem crossing from the excited triplet state to the excited singlet state sufficiently with the heat of the device, thereby emitting delayed ⁻fluorescent light, and thus the use of the compound may drastically enhance the light emission efficiency.

Example 2

The compounds of the invention can be synthesized by any method known to one of ordinary skills in the art. The compounds are synthesized from the commonly available starting material. The various moieties can be assembled via linear or branched synthetic routes.

Synthesis of Compound 1

1.0 Sodium hydride (16.79 mmol, 0.4 g), 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (4.80 mmol, 1.00 g) and 911-carbazole (9.85 mmol, 2.81 g) were placed in three neck round bottom flask. The mixture was dried by vacuum system and then tetrahydrofuran was poured into flask as solvent under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by NH₄Cl aqueous solution and the mixture was extracted by chloroform. The separated organic layer was dried by MgSO₄ and the solvent was evaporated by a vacuum evaporator. The reaction product was isolated by column chromatography using a mixture of toluene and hexane (1:1) as an eluent. Compound 1 was obtained (2.00 g, 69.4%).

¹NMR (500 MH_(Z), CDCl₃) δ7.34; (t, J=7.5 H_(Z), 2H), 7.42; (t, J=7.5 H_(Z), 2H), 7.49; (t, J=7.0 H_(Z), 4H), 7.62; (t, J=7.5 H_(Z), 4H), 8.02; (d,J=8.5 H_(Z), 4H), 8.06; (d,J=7.5 H_(Z), 2H), 8.19; (d, J =7.5 H_(Z), 4H), 9.06; (d, J=8.0 H_(Z), 2H). MS (APCI) m/z 601.41; [(M+H)⁺].

Synthesis of Compound 4

Sodium hydride (4.80 mmol, 0.12 g), 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (1.20 mmol, 0.25 g) and 3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole (4.80 mmol, 1.53 g) were placed in three neck round bottom flask. The mixture was dried by vacuum system and then tetrahydrofuran was poured into flask as solvent under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by NH₄Cl aqueous solution and the mixture was extracted by chloroform. The separated organic layer was dried by MgSO₄ and the solvent was evaporated by vacuum evaporator. The reaction product was isolated by column chromatography using a mixture of toluene and hexane (1:1) as an eluent. Compound 4 was obtained (0.9 g, 71.0%).

¹H NMR. (500 MH_(Z), CDCl₃) δ 7.38-7.43; (m, 6H), 7.49; (t, J=7.5 H_(Z), 4H), 7.54; (t, J=7.5 H_(Z), 8H), 7.64; (d, J=9.0 H_(Z), 2H), 7.73; (d,J=7:5 H_(Z), 4H), 7.81; (d, J=7.5 H_(Z), 8H), 7.91; (d,J=8.5 H_(Z), 4H), 8.15; (d,J=8.5 H_(Z), 4H), 8.32; (s, 2H), 8.45; (s, 4H), 9.18; (d, J=8.5 H_(Z), 2H),

MS (APCI) m/z 1058.39 [(M+H)⁺].

Synthesis of Compound 1264

Sodium hydride (9.60 mmol, 0.23 g) 2,4,6-trichloropyrirnidine-5-carbonitrile (4.80 mmol, 1.00 g) and 9H-carbazole (9.60 mmol, 1.60 g) are placed in three neck round bottom flask. The mixture is dried by vacuum system and then tetrahydrofuran is poured into flask as solvent under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at 0° C. The reaction is quenched by NH₄Cl aqueous solution and the mixture is extracted by chloroform. The separated organic layer is dried by MgSO₄ and the solvent is concentrated by vacuum evaporator. The reaction product is isolated by column chromatography using a mixture of toluene and hexane (1:1) as an eluent. carbazol-9-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile is obtained.

Sodium hydride (3.19 mmol, 0.08 g), 4,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-chloropyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (2.13 mmol, 1.00 g) and 3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole (3.19 mmol, 1.02 g) are placed in three neck round bottom flask. The mixture is dried by vacuum system and then tetrahydrofuran is poured into flask as solvent under nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture is stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction is quenched by NH₄Cl aqueous solution and the mixture is extracted by chloroform. The separated organic layer is dried by MgSO₄ and solvent is evaporated by vacuum evaporator. The reaction product is isolated by column chromatography using a mixture of toluene and hexane (1:1) as an eluent. Compound 1264 is obtained.

Example 3 Preparation of Neat Films

Each of the compounds synthesised in Example 2 was vapor-deposited on a quartz substrate by a vacuum vapor deposition method under a condition of a vacuum degree of 10⁻³ Pa or less, so as to form a thin film having a thickness of 70 nm.

Preparation of Doped Films

Each of the compounds synthesised in Example 2 and host were vapor-deposited from a separate vapor deposition source on a quartz substrate by vacuum vapor deposition method under a condition of a vacuum degree of 10⁻³ Pa or less, so as to form a thin film having a thickness of 100 nm and a concentration of the compound of 20% by weight.

Evaluation of the Optical Properties

The samples were irradiated with light having a wavelength of 300 nm at 300 K, and thus the light emission spectrum was measured and designated as fluorescence. The emission peak from the neat film of Compound 1 was 459 nm. The spectrum at 77K was also measured and designated as phosphorescence, The lowest singlet energy (S1) and the lowest triplet energy (T1) were estimated from the onset of fluorescence and phosphorescence spectrum, respectively. ΔE_(ST) was calculated from the energy gap between S1 and T1. ΔE_(ST) of Compound I was 0.27 eV. PLOY was also measured by excitation light 300 nm. The time resolved spectrum was obtained by excitation light 337 nm with Streak Camera, and the component with a short light emission lifetime was designated as fluorescent light, whereas the component with a long light emission lifetime was designated as delayed fluorescent light. The lifetimes of the fluorescent light component (τ_(prompt)) and the delayed fluorescent light component (τ_(delay)) were calculated from the decay curves.

Preparation and Measurement of OLEDs

Thin films are laminated on a glass substrate having formed thereon an anode formed of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 50 nm, by a vacuum vapor deposition method at a vacuum degree of 1.0×10⁻⁴ Pa or less. Firstly, HAT-CN is formed to a thickness of 60 nm on ITO, and thereon TrisPCz is formed to a thickness of 30 nm. mCBP is formed to a thickness of 5 nm, and thereon compound of Formula (I) and host are then vapor-co-deposited from separate vapor deposition sources to form a layer having a thickness of 30 nm, which is designated as a light emitting layer. At this time, the concentration of compound of Formula (I) is 20% by weight. SF3-TRZ is then formed to a thickness of 5 nm, and thereon SF3-TRZ and Liq are vapor-co-deposited to a thickness of 30 nm. Liq is then vacuum vapor-deposited to a thickness of 2 nm, and then aluminum (Al) is vapor-deposited to a thickness of 100 nm to form a cathode, thereby producing organic electroluminescent devices and measured its photoelectrical properties.

Example 4

Q-Chem 5.1 program of Q-chem Inc. was used for calculation of Compounds 4, 766, 769, 1286 and 1478. The B3LYP/6-3IG(d) method was used for the optimization of the molecular structure of the S₀ state and its electronic state calculation, and the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) method was used for S₁and T₁ level calculation. ΔE_(ST) was obtained by calculating the difference between S₁ and T₁. The results are shown in the following table.

Compound No. Δ E_(ST) (eV) Compound 4 0.12 Compound 766 0.20 Compound 769 0.21 Compound 1286 0.071 Compound 1478 0.19 

We claim:
 1. A compound of Formula (I):

wherein: A is selected from CN, substituted or unsubstituted cyanoaryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having at least one nitrogen atom as a ring-constituting atom; and D¹, D² and D³ are independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted 1-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 2--carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 3-carbazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted 4-carbazolyl, and group represented by Formula (II):

R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted atyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl; or two or more instances of R¹, R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ taken together can form a ring system, or R⁵ and R⁶ taken together can form single bond, and L¹ is selected from single bond, substituted or unsubstituted arylene, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene.
 2. The compound of claim I, wherein D¹, D² and D³ are the same.
 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein two of D¹, D² and D³ are the same.
 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein D¹ and D³ are the same.
 5. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of D¹, D² and D³ has at least one carbazole ring.
 6. The compound of claim 5, wherein the carbazole ring is substituted by at least one selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.
 7. The compound of claim 5, wherein the carbazole ring is substituted at 3-position, 6-position, or 3- and 6-positions.
 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R¹ and R², R² and R³, R³ and R⁴ or R⁴ and R⁵ are taken together to form a ring system.
 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein at least one of R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ is substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl.
 10. The compound of claim 1, wherein A is CN.
 11. The compound of claim 1, wherein A is group represented by Formula (III):

one of X¹, X² and X³ is N, the other two of X¹, X² and X³ are independently N or C(R¹³), R¹¹, R¹² and R¹³ are independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl, and * represents a point of attachment to Formula (I).
 12. The compound of claim 1, wherein when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, then A is substituted or unsubstituted cyanoaryl, or group represented by Formula (II).
 13. The compound of claim 1, wherein when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, and A is cyano, then all of D¹, D² and D³ are not the same.
 14. The compound of claim 1, wherein when D¹, D² and D³ are independently substituted or unsubstituted 9-carbazolyl, and A is cyano, then at least one of D¹, D² and D³ is 9-carbazolyl substituted with at least one selected from substituted or unsubstituted amino, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, and silyl.
 15. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) comprising the compound of claim
 1. 16. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of claim 15, wherein light emission of the OLED occurs mainly in the compound.
 17. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of claim 15, comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a host material and the compound.
 18. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of claim 15, comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises the compound and a light-emitting material, and light emission of the OLED occurs mainly in the light-emitting material.
 19. The organic light-emitting diode (OLED) of claim 15, comprising an anode, a cathode, and at least one organic layer comprising a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the light-emitting layer comprises a host material, an assistant dopant and a light-emitting material, and the assistant dopant is the compound.
 20. A screen or a display comprising the compound of claim
 1. 